Breed broiler is any chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) that is bred and raised specifically for meat production. Most commercial broilers reach slaughter weight between four and six weeks of age, although slower growing breeds reach slaughter weight at approximately 14 weeks of age. Typical broilers have white feathers and yellowish skin. Broiler or sometimes broiler-fryer is also used sometimes to refer specifically to younger chickens under , as compared with the larger roasters. Due to extensive breeding selection for rapid early growth and the husbandry used to sustain this, broilers are susceptible to several welfare concerns, particularly skeletal malformation and dysfunction, skin and eye lesions and congestive heart conditions. Management of ventilation, housing, stocking density and in-house procedures must be evaluated regularly to support good welfare of the flock. The breeding stock (broiler-breeders) do grow to maturity but also have their own welfare concerns related to the frustration of a high feeding motivation and beak trimming. Broilers are usually grown as mixed-sex flocks in large sheds under intensive conditions. Before the development of modern commercial meat breeds, broilers were mostly young male chickens culled from farm flocks. Pedigree breeding began around 1916. Magazines for the poultry industry existed at this time. A crossbred variety of chicken was produced from a male of a naturally double-breasted Cornish strain, and a female of a tall, large-boned strain of white Plymouth Rocks. This first attempt at a meat crossbreed was introduced in the 1930s and became dominant in the 1960s. The original crossbreed was plagued by problems of low fertility, slow growth and disease susceptibility. Modern broilers have become very different from the Cornish/Rock crossbreeds. As an example, Donald Shaver (originally a breeder of egg-production breeds) began gathering breeding stock for a broiler program in 1950. Besides the breeds normally favoured, Cornish Game, Plymouth Rock, New Hampshire, Langshans, Jersey Black Giant, and Brahmas were included.

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Concepts associés (11)
Poultry farming
Poultry farming is the form of animal husbandry which raises domesticated birds such as chickens, ducks, turkeys and geese to produce meat or eggs for food. Poultry – mostly chickens – are farmed in great numbers. More than 60 billion chickens are killed for consumption annually. Chickens raised for eggs are known as layers, while chickens raised for meat are called broilers. In the United States, the national organization overseeing poultry production is the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Gallus gallus domesticus
Gallus gallus domesticus, en français la Poule domestique (femelle), le coq domestique (mâle), est une sous-espèce de l'ordre des Galliformes. Cet oiseau, principalement issu de la domestication du Coq doré sauvage, est élevé à la fois pour sa chair, pour ses œufs, pour le combat, pour le chant, parfois pour ses plumes et plus rarement encore pour sa crête ou pour des utilisations rituelles. De nombreuses races issues de la sélection opérée par les paysans au fil des siècles ont disparu.
Élevage intensif
L'élevage intensif est une forme d'élevage industrialisé qui vise à augmenter fortement le rendement de cette activité, notamment en augmentant la densité d'animaux sur l'exploitation ou en s'affranchissant plus ou moins fortement du milieu environnant (confinement). Cette méthode d'élevage industriel est apparue à la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. vignette|Un élevage de en Amérique au début du .
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