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Concept
Patriarchal cross
Résumé
The Patriarchal cross is a variant of the Christian cross, the religious symbol of Christianity, and is also known as the Cross of Lorraine. Similar to the familiar Latin cross, the patriarchal cross possesses a smaller crossbar placed above the main one so that both crossbars are near the top. Sometimes the patriarchal cross has a short, slanted crosspiece near its foot (Russian Orthodox cross). This slanted, lower crosspiece often appears in Byzantine Greek and Eastern European iconography, as well as in other Eastern Orthodox churches. In most renditions of the Cross of Lorraine, the horizontal bars are "graded" with the upper bar being the shorter, though variations with the bars of equal length are also seen.
The top beam represents the plaque bearing the inscription "Jesus the Nazarene, King of the Jews" (often abbreviated in the Latinate "INRI" and in the Greek as "INBI"). A popular view is that the slanted bottom beam is a footrest, however, there is no evidence of footrests ever being used during the crucifixion, and it has a deeper meaning. The bottom beam may represent a balance of justice. Some sources suggest that as one of the thieves being crucified with Jesus repented of his sin and believed in Jesus as the Messiah and was thus with Christ in Paradise, the other thief rejected and mocked Jesus and therefore descended into Hades.
Many symbolic interpretations of the double-cross have been put forth. One of them says that the first horizontal line symbolized the secular power and the other horizontal line the ecclesiastic power of Byzantine emperors, and also that the first cross bar represents the death, and the second cross the resurrection, of Jesus Christ.
The Russian Orthodox cross can be considered a modified version of the Patriarchal cross, having two smaller crossbeams, one at the top and one near the bottom, in addition to the longer crossbeam. One suggestion is the lower crossbeam represents the footrest (suppedaneum) to which the feet of Jesus were nailed.
Source officielle
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Armoiries de la Slovaquie
Le blason de la Slovaquie est de gueules à la double croix d'argent sur le pic central d'un groupe de trois collines d'azur. C'est l'un des quatre symboles officiels de la République slovaque. La croix présente sur les armoiries serait d'origine byzantine, le roi Béla III (1171 – 1196) reçut une éducation à la cour de l'empereur de Constantinople et fut le premier à utiliser le symbole de la double croix sur le territoire du royaume de Hongrie.
Croix de Lorraine
La croix de Lorraine, aussi appelée croix d’Anjou, croix patriarcale et croix archiépiscopale, est un symbole de croix à deux traverses. Représentant initialement la Vraie Croix, associée au pèlerinage et aux croisades en Terre sainte, elle figure dans la symbolique de divers seigneurs chrétiens, en particulier celle des ducs d'Anjou et des ducs de Lorraine. La croix patriarcale apparaît sur les armoiries de la Hongrie, de la Slovaquie et de la Lituanie, de même que sur le Pahonie.
Christian cross variants
The Christian cross, with or without a figure of Christ included, is the main religious symbol of Christianity. A cross with a figure of Christ affixed to it is termed a crucifix and the figure is often referred to as the corpus (Latin for "body"). The term Greek cross designates a cross with arms of equal length, as in a plus sign, while the Latin cross designates a cross with an elongated descending arm. Numerous other variants have been developed during the medieval period.