Ensemble vide | EPFL Graph Search

vignette|Notation de l'ensemble vide. En mathématiques, l'ensemble vide est l'ensemble ne contenant aucun élément. Notation L'ensemble vide peut être noté d'un O barré, à savoir ∅ ou simplement { }, qui est une paire d'accolades ne contenant qu'une espace, pour représenter un ensemble qui ne contient rien. La notation ∅ a été introduite par André Weil, dans le cadre de l'institution de notations par le groupe Bourbaki. Von Neumann dans son article de 1923, qui est l'une des premières références qui l'aborde, le note O. Exemples Les ensembles {n\in\mathbb Z\mid0

A template for constructing Bayesian networks in forensic biology cases when considering activity level propositions

Alex Biedermann, Christophe Champod

The hierarchy of propositions has been accepted amongst the forensic science community for some time. It is also accepted that the higher up the hierarchy the propositions are, against which the scientist are competent to evaluate their results, the more directly useful the testimony will be to the court. Because each case represents a unique set of circumstances and findings, it is difficult to come up with a standard structure for evaluation. One common tool that assists in this task is Bayesian networks (BNs). There is much diversity in the way that BN can be constructed. In this work, we develop a template for BN construction that allows sufficient flexibility to address most cases, but enough commonality and structure that the flow of information in the BN is readily recognised at a glance. We provide seven steps that can be used to construct BNs within this structure and demonstrate how they can be applied, using a case example.

ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD2018

Stochastic partial differential equations driven by Lévy white noises

Thomas Marie Jean-Baptiste Humeau

We study various aspects of stochastic partial differential equations driven by Lévy white noise. This driving noise, which is a generalization of Gaussian white noise, can be viewed either as a generalized random process or as an independently scattered random measure. After unifying these approaches and establishing appropriate stochastic integral representations, we show that a necessary and sufficient condition for a Lévy white noise to have values in the space of tempered Schwartz distributions, is that the underlying Lévy measure have a positive absolute moment. In the case of a linear stochastic partial differential equation with a general differential operator and driven by a symmetric pure jump Lévy white noise, we show that when the mild solution is locally Lebesgue integrable, then it is equal to the generalized solution, and that a random field representation exists for the generalized solution if and only if the fundamental solution of the operator has certain integrability properties. In that case, we show that the random field representation is equal to the mild solution. For this purpose, a new stochastic Fubini theorem is proved. These results are applied to the linear stochastic heat and wave equations driven by a symmetric alpha-stable noise. We then study the non-linear stochastic heat equation driven by a general type of Lévy white noise, possibly with heavy tails and non-summable small jumps. Our framework includes in particular the alpha-stable noise. In the case of the equation on the whole space, we show that the law of the solution that we construct does not depend on the space variable. Then we show in various domains D that the solution u to the stochastic heat equation is such that t -> u(t,·) has a càdlàg version in a fractional Sobolev space of order r < -d /2. Finally, we show that the partial functions have a continuous version under some optimal moment conditions. In the alpha-stable case, we show that for the choices of alpha for which this moment condition is not satisfied, the sample paths of the partial functions are unbounded on any non-empty open subset.

EPFL2017

Path properties of the solution to the stochastic heat equation with Levy noise

Carsten Hao Ye Chong, Robert Dalang, Thomas Marie Jean-Baptiste Humeau

We consider sample path properties of the solution to the stochastic heat equation, in Rd or bounded domains of Rd, driven by a Levy space-time white noise. When viewed as a stochastic process in time with values in an infinite-dimensional space, the solution is shown to have a cadlag modification in fractional Sobolev spaces of index less than - Concerning the partial regularity of the solution in time or space when the other variable is fixed, we determine critical values for the Blumenthal-Getoor index of the Levy noise such that noises with a smaller index entail continuous sample paths, while Levy noises with a larger index entail sample paths that are unbounded on any non-empty open subset. Our results apply to additive as well as multiplicative Levy noises, and to light- as well as heavy-tailed jumps.

SPRINGER2019

Stochastic partial differential equations driven by Lévy white noises

Thomas Marie Jean-Baptiste Humeau

EPFL2017