Tube à ondes progressivesLe tube à ondes progressives (TOP), (en anglais : Traveling-Wave Tube, TWT) est un tube à vide utilisé en hyperfréquences pour réaliser des amplificateurs de faible, moyenne ou forte puissance. Il permet de réaliser des amplificateurs puissants (couramment quelques centaines de watts), à haute fréquence (commercialement jusqu'à la bande W, 94 GHz, en 2014, expérimentalement jusqu'à 860 GHz) dans une large bande (jusqu'à deux octaves).
Negative-feedback amplifierA negative-feedback amplifier (or feedback amplifier) is an electronic amplifier that subtracts a fraction of its output from its input, so that negative feedback opposes the original signal. The applied negative feedback can improve its performance (gain stability, linearity, frequency response, step response) and reduces sensitivity to parameter variations due to manufacturing or environment. Because of these advantages, many amplifiers and control systems use negative feedback.
Amplificateur faible bruitUn amplificateur faible bruit (LNA de l'anglais Low Noise Amplifier) ou un amplificateur à faible facteur de bruit est un dispositif électronique chargé de mettre en forme des signaux très faibles en provenance d'une antenne. Il est souvent placé à proximité du capteur, de manière à minimiser les pertes en ligne ; pour cette raison, il est parfois nommé préamplificateur. Ce type de solution est fréquemment utilisé pour les systèmes travaillant à des fréquences élevées, tels que le signal GPS et en radiocommunications.
Valve amplifierA valve amplifier or tube amplifier is a type of electronic amplifier that uses vacuum tubes to increase the amplitude or power of a signal. Low to medium power valve amplifiers for frequencies below the microwaves were largely replaced by solid state amplifiers in the 1960s and 1970s. Valve amplifiers can be used for applications such as guitar amplifiers, satellite transponders such as DirecTV and GPS, high quality stereo amplifiers, military applications (such as radar) and very high power radio and UHF television transmitters.
Réponse indicielleEn automatique la réponse indicielle est la réponse d'un système dynamique à une fonction marche de Heaviside communément appelée échelon. Si le système est un système linéaire invariant (SLI) à temps continu ou discret, alors la réponse indicielle est définie par les relations respectives suivantes : Lorsque le système est asymptotiquement stable, la réponse indicielle converge vers une valeur limite (asymptote horizontale) appelée valeur stationnaire ou finale.
Rise timeIn electronics, when describing a voltage or current step function, rise time is the time taken by a signal to change from a specified low value to a specified high value. These values may be expressed as ratios or, equivalently, as percentages with respect to a given reference value. In analog electronics and digital electronics, these percentages are commonly the 10% and 90% (or equivalently 0.1 and 0.9) of the output step height: however, other values are commonly used.
Class-D amplifierA class-D amplifier or switching amplifier is an electronic amplifier in which the amplifying devices (transistors, usually MOSFETs) operate as electronic switches, and not as linear gain devices as in other amplifiers. They operate by rapidly switching back and forth between the supply rails, using pulse-width modulation, pulse-density modulation, or related techniques to produce a pulse train output. This passes through a simple low-pass filter which blocks the high-frequency pulses and provides analog output current and voltage.
Differential amplifierA differential amplifier is a type of electronic amplifier that amplifies the difference between two input voltages but suppresses any voltage common to the two inputs. It is an analog circuit with two inputs and and one output , in which the output is ideally proportional to the difference between the two voltages: where is the gain of the amplifier. Single amplifiers are usually implemented by either adding the appropriate feedback resistors to a standard op-amp, or with a dedicated integrated circuit containing internal feedback resistors.
Amplificateur de puissance radiofréquencedroite|vignette| Un amplificateur de puissance radiofréquence vignette| Amplificateur de puissance VHF de classe C basé sur le transistor MRF317. Un amplificateur de puissance radiofréquence (amplificateur de puissance RF) est un type d'amplificateur électronique qui convertit un signal radiofréquence de faible puissance en un signal de puissance plus élevée. En règle générale, les amplificateurs de puissance RF pilotent l'antenne d'un émetteur.
Power gainIn electrical engineering, the power gain of an electrical network is the ratio of an output power to an input power. Unlike other signal gains, such as voltage and current gain, "power gain" may be ambiguous as the meaning of terms "input power" and "output power" is not always clear. Three important power gains are operating power gain, transducer power gain and available power gain. Note that all these definitions of power gains employ the use of average (as opposed to instantaneous) power quantities and therefore the term "average" is often suppressed, which can be confusing at occasions.
