Volatilité (finance)La volatilité (en finance) est l'ampleur des variations du cours d'un actif financier. Elle sert de paramètre de quantification du risque de rendement et de prix d'un actif financier. Lorsque la volatilité est élevée, la possibilité de gain est plus importante, mais le risque de perte l'est aussi. C'est par exemple le cas de l'action d'une société plus endettée, ou disposant d'un potentiel de croissance plus fort et donc d'un cours plus élevé que la moyenne.
Volatilité stochastiqueLa volatilité stochastique est utilisée dans le cadre de la finance quantitative, pour évaluer des produits dérivés, tels que des options. Le nom provient du fait que le modèle traite la volatilité du sous-jacent comme un processus aléatoire, fonction de variables d'états telles que le prix du sous-jacent, la tendance qu'a la volatilité, à moyen terme, à faire revenir le prix vers une valeur moyenne, la variance du processus de la volatilité, etc.
Volatility smileVolatility smiles are implied volatility patterns that arise in pricing financial options. It is a parameter (implied volatility) that is needed to be modified for the Black–Scholes formula to fit market prices. In particular for a given expiration, options whose strike price differs substantially from the underlying asset's price command higher prices (and thus implied volatilities) than what is suggested by standard option pricing models. These options are said to be either deep in-the-money or out-of-the-money.
Financial risk managementFinancial risk management is the practice of protecting economic value in a firm by managing exposure to financial risk - principally operational risk, credit risk and market risk, with more specific variants as listed aside. As for risk management more generally, financial risk management requires identifying the sources of risk, measuring these, and crafting plans to address them. See for an overview. Financial risk management as a "science" can be said to have been born with modern portfolio theory, particularly as initiated by Professor Harry Markowitz in 1952 with his article, "Portfolio Selection"; see .
Risk measureIn financial mathematics, a risk measure is used to determine the amount of an asset or set of assets (traditionally currency) to be kept in reserve. The purpose of this reserve is to make the risks taken by financial institutions, such as banks and insurance companies, acceptable to the regulator. In recent years attention has turned towards convex and coherent risk measurement. A risk measure is defined as a mapping from a set of random variables to the real numbers. This set of random variables represents portfolio returns.
