Microprocesseur multi-cœurvignette|Un processeur quad-core AMD Opteron. vignette|L’Intel Core 2 Duo E6300 est un processeur double cœur. Un microprocesseur multi-cœur (multi-core en anglais) est un microprocesseur possédant plusieurs cœurs physiques fonctionnant simultanément. Il se distingue d'architectures plus anciennes (360/91) où un processeur unique commandait plusieurs circuits de calcul simultanés. Un cœur (en anglais, core) est un ensemble de circuits capables d’exécuter des programmes de façon autonome.
Intel CoreIntel Core is a line of streamlined midrange consumer, workstation and enthusiast computer central processing units (CPUs) marketed by Intel Corporation. These processors displaced the existing mid- to high-end Pentium processors at the time of their introduction, moving the Pentium to the entry level. Identical or more capable versions of Core processors are also sold as Xeon processors for the server and workstation markets. The lineup of Core processors includes the Intel Core i3, Intel Core i5, Intel Core i7, and Intel Core i9, along with the X-series of Intel Core CPUs.
Core (microarchitecture)La microarchitecture Core est une microarchitecture x86 d'Intel, qui succède en 2006 aux architectures P6 et NetBurst. Elle fut utilisée par tous les processeurs x86 produits par Intel à l'époque, depuis le processeur pour ordinateur portable jusqu'au processeur Xeon pour serveur, d'abord gravés en puis en . Les processeurs de marque Core 2 utilisent exclusivement l'architecture Core. « Core » est en anglais un nom commun signifiant « noyau » ou « cœur », et désignant en informatique l'ensemble des structures constituant un seul microprocesseur : unités de décodages, de prédiction, d'exécution, cache L1, etc.
Multi-chip moduleA multi-chip module (MCM) is generically an electronic assembly (such as a package with a number of conductor terminals or "pins") where multiple integrated circuits (ICs or "chips"), semiconductor dies and/or other discrete components are integrated, usually onto a unifying substrate, so that in use it can be treated as if it were a larger IC. Other terms for MCM packaging include "heterogeneous integration" or "hybrid integrated circuit".
Intel Core 2Les sont une famille de microprocesseurs x86-64 grand-public, fabriqués par Intel à partir de la microarchitecture Core et existant en versions mono (« Solo »), double (« Duo ») ou quadruple cœurs (« Quad »). Couvrant une grande variété de domaines d'utilisation (ordinateurs de bureau, portables, ultra portables, stations de travail et serveurs), ils furent produits de 2006 à 2011. Leurs successeurs furent les microprocesseurs de la famille Nehalem, utilisant une microarchitecture du même nom.
Instruction set architectureIn computer science, an instruction set architecture (ISA), also called computer architecture, is an abstract model of a computer. A device that executes instructions described by that ISA, such as a central processing unit (CPU), is called an implementation. In general, an ISA defines the supported instructions, data types, registers, the hardware support for managing main memory, fundamental features (such as the memory consistency, addressing modes, virtual memory), and the input/output model of a family of implementations of the ISA.
Central processing unitA central processing unit (CPU)—also called a central processor or main processor—is the most important processor in a given computer. Its electronic circuitry executes instructions of a computer program, such as arithmetic, logic, controlling, and input/output (I/O) operations. This role contrasts with that of external components, such as main memory and I/O circuitry, and specialized coprocessors such as graphics processing units (GPUs). The form, design, and implementation of CPUs have changed over time, but their fundamental operation remains almost unchanged.
Manycore processorManycore processors are special kinds of multi-core processors designed for a high degree of parallel processing, containing numerous simpler, independent processor cores (from a few tens of cores to thousands or more). Manycore processors are used extensively in embedded computers and high-performance computing. Manycore processors are distinct from multi-core processors in being optimized from the outset for a higher degree of explicit parallelism, and for higher throughput (or lower power consumption) at the expense of latency and lower single-thread performance.
Bulldozer (microarchitecture)La microarchitecture Bulldozer d'AMD, commercialisée à partir de 2011, fait suite à la microarchitecture K10 introduite fin 2007. Les processeurs l'utilisant seront d'abord gravés en . Nouvelle organisation des cœurs : AMD fusionne deux cœurs en un « module », une architecture entre double cœur et SMT (simultaneous multithreading). Une partie des composants sont mutualisés (les unités de calcul sur entiers passent de 3 par cœur K10 à 4 par module Bulldozer, l'unité de calcul en virgule flottante est utilisable par tous les threads d'un module, le cache mémoire de niveau 2 et d'autres composants sont communs).
Instruction unitThe instruction unit (I-unit or IU), also called, e.g., instruction fetch unit (IFU), instruction issue unit (IIU), instruction sequencing unit (ISU), in a central processing unit (CPU) is responsible for organizing program instructions to be fetched from memory, and executed, in an appropriate order, and for forwarding them to an execution unit (E-unit or EU). The I-unit may also do, e.g., address resolution, pre-fetching, prior to forwarding an instruction. It is a part of the control unit, which in turn is part of the CPU.
