Utilisateur (informatique)En informatique, le terme utilisateur (anciennement un opérateur ou un informaticien avec possibilité de feminisation) est employé pour désigner une qui utilise un système informatisé (ordinateur ou robot) mais qui n'est pas nécessairement informaticien (par opposition au programmeur par exemple). L'utilisateur peut aussi être une machine automatique (essentiellement représenté par un bot informatique) pouvant disposer de différents degrés d'autonomie.
Utilisateur finalthumb|Infirmières utilisant un logiciel informatique aux États-Unis en 1987. En informatique, dans le cadre du développement d'un logiciel, lutilisateur final est la personne qui va utiliser ledit logiciel. Les développeurs peuvent avoir de la peine à comprendre les besoins de cet utilisateur.
Brain-readingBrain-reading or thought identification uses the responses of multiple voxels in the brain evoked by stimulus then detected by fMRI in order to decode the original stimulus. Advances in research have made this possible by using human neuroimaging to decode a person's conscious experience based on non-invasive measurements of an individual's brain activity. Brain reading studies differ in the type of decoding (i.e. classification, identification and reconstruction) employed, the target (i.e.
BrainGateBrainGate est un système d'implants neuronaux mis au point par la société de bio-technologie Cyberkinetics en 2003, en collaboration avec le département de Neurosciences à l'université Brown. L'appareil a été conçu pour aider ceux qui ont perdu le contrôle de leur membres, ou d'autres fonctions corporelles, comme les patients atteints de sclérose latérale amyotrophique (SLA) ou une lésion de la moelle épinière. La puce, qui est implantée dans le cerveau, surveille l'activité cérébrale chez le patient et convertit l'intention de l'utilisateur en commandes informatiques.
Cognitive therapyCognitive therapy (CT) is a type of psychotherapy developed by American psychiatrist Aaron T. Beck. CT is one therapeutic approach within the larger group of cognitive behavioral therapies (CBT) and was first expounded by Beck in the 1960s. Cognitive therapy is based on the cognitive model, which states that thoughts, feelings and behavior are all connected, and that individuals can move toward overcoming difficulties and meeting their goals by identifying and changing unhelpful or inaccurate thinking, problematic behavior, and distressing emotional responses.
User interface designUser interface (UI) design or user interface engineering is the design of user interfaces for machines and software, such as computers, home appliances, mobile devices, and other electronic devices, with the focus on maximizing usability and the user experience. In computer or software design, user interface (UI) design primarily focuses on information architecture. It is the process of building interfaces that clearly communicates to the user what's important. UI design refers to graphical user interfaces and other forms of interface design.
NeuroprostheticsNeuroprosthetics (also called neural prosthetics) is a discipline related to neuroscience and biomedical engineering concerned with developing neural prostheses. They are sometimes contrasted with a brain–computer interface, which connects the brain to a computer rather than a device meant to replace missing biological functionality. Neural prostheses are a series of devices that can substitute a motor, sensory or cognitive modality that might have been damaged as a result of an injury or a disease.
Contrôle interneLe contrôle interne est un dispositif mis en œuvre par la direction d'une administration (privée comme les entreprises ou publique comme les ministères) pour lui permettre de maîtriser les opérations à risques qui doivent être faites par elle. Ses ressources sont pour cela mesurées, dirigées et supervisées de façon à permettre au management de réaliser ses objectifs. C'est une notion fondamentale du management des entreprises et des administrations qui va amener dans les années à venir leur restructuration en profondeur.
Mode (user interface)In user interface design, a mode is a distinct setting within a computer program or any physical machine interface, in which the same user input will produce perceived results different from those that it would in other settings. Modal interface components include the Caps lock and Insert keys on the standard computer keyboard, both of which typically put the user's typing into a different mode after being pressed, then return it to the regular mode after being re-pressed. An interface that uses no modes is known as a modeless interface.
External auditorAn external auditor performs an audit, in accordance with specific laws or rules, of the financial statements of a company, government entity, other legal entity, or organization, and is independent of the entity being audited. Users of these entities' financial information, such as investors, government agencies, and the general public, rely on the external auditor to present an unbiased and independent audit report. The manner of appointment, the qualifications, and the format of reporting by an external auditor are defined by statute, which varies according to jurisdiction.
