Concept

General number field sieve

Summary
In number theory, the general number field sieve (GNFS) is the most efficient classical algorithm known for factoring integers larger than 10100. Heuristically, its complexity for factoring an integer n (consisting of ⌊log2 n⌋ + 1 bits) is of the form :\exp\left(\left((64/9)^{1/3}+o(1)\right)\left(\log n\right)^{1/3}\left(\log\log n\right)^{2/3}\right)=L_n\left[1/3,(64/9)^{1/3}\right] in O and L-notations. It is a generalization of the special number field sieve: while the latter can only factor numbers of a certain special form, the general number field sieve can factor any number apart from prime powers (which are trivial to factor by taking roots). The principle of the number field sieve (both special and general) can be understood as an improvement to the simpler rational sieve or quadratic sieve. When using such algorithms to factor a large number n, it is necessary to search for smooth numbers (i.e. numbers with small prime
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