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Concept
Glucose test
Summary
Many types of glucose tests exist and they can be used to estimate blood sugar levels at a given time or, over a longer period of time, to obtain average levels or to see how fast body is able to normalize changed glucose levels. Eating food for example leads to elevated blood sugar levels. In healthy people these levels quickly return to normal via increased cellular glucose uptake which is primarily mediated by increase in blood insulin levels.
Glucose tests can reveal temporary/long-term hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia. These conditions may not have obvious symptoms and can damage organs in the long-term. Abnormally high/low levels, slow return to normal levels from either of these conditions and/or inability to normalize blood sugar levels means that the person being tested probably has some kind of medical condition like type 2 diabetes which is caused by cellular insensitivity to insulin. Glucose tests are thus often used to diagnose such conditions
Tests that can be performed at home are used in blood glucose monitoring for illnesses that have already been diagnosed medically so that these illnesses can be maintained via medication and meal timing. Some of the home testing methods include
fingerprick type of glucose meter - need to prick self finger 8-12 times a day.
continuous glucose monitor - the CGM monitors the glucose levels every 5 minutes approximately.
Laboratory tests are often used to diagnose illnesses and such methods include
fasting blood sugar (FBS), fasting plasma glucose (FPG): 10–16 hours after eating
glucose tolerance test: continuous testing
postprandial glucose test (PC): 2 hours after eating
random glucose test
Some laboratory tests don't measure glucose levels directly from body fluids or tissues but still indicate elevated blood sugar levels. Such tests measure the levels of glycated hemoglobin, other glycated proteins, 1,5-anhydroglucitol etc. from blood.
Hyperglycemia#Causes and List of causes of hypoglycemia
Glucose testing can be used to diagnose or indicate certain medical conditions.
Official source
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