Total internal reflection

Summary

In physics, total internal reflection (TIR) is the phenomenon in which waves arriving at the interface (boundary) from one medium to another (e.g., from water to air) are not refracted into the second ("external") medium, but completely reflected back into the first ("internal") medium. It occurs when the second medium has a higher wave speed (i.e., lower refractive index) than the first, and the waves are incident at a sufficiently oblique angle on the interface. For example, the water-to-air surface in a typical fish tank, when viewed obliquely from below, reflects the underwater scene like a mirror with no loss of brightness (Fig. 1). TIR occurs not only with electromagnetic waves such as light and microwaves, but also with other types of waves, including sound and water waves. If the waves are capable of forming a narrow beam (Fig. 2), the reflection tends to be described in terms of "rays" rather than waves; in a medium whose properties are independent of direction, s

Official source

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_internal_reflection

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Ce cours présente différentes facettes de l'optique moderne et met à la fois l'accent sur des bases rigoureuses et des applications pratiques. Le cours inclut une partie théorique avec un cours et des exercices, ainsi qu'une partie expérimentale avec des travaux pratiques.

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Understanding the mechanical behavior of soft materials is of great importance for many applica-tions, especially for bioengineering and clinical applications. Hertzian theory is frequently used to characterize the mechanical properties of such materials. However, these materials undergo large deformations resulting in non-linear stress-strain response, which cannot be accurately captured by Hertzian contact. These materials are also rate sensitive, where at high velocities, external e˙ects such as air can influence the mechanical response. In this study, we experimentally in-vestigated the contact response of a soft spherical impactor on a rigid substrate and by using the principle of Total Internal reflection, we directly measured the contact radius. The e˙ects of specimen size, loading rate and boundary conditions were also examined and we found that, for the studied velocities, only the boundary conditions a˙ects both the radius-displacement and load-displacement relationships, leading to deviations from the theory at di˙erent indentation depths. We finished by setting up an experiment consisting of a pendulum for studying the e˙ects of high velocities and the influence air.

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Photonic Crystal Biosensor Based on Optical Surface Waves

Giovanni Dietler, Tatyana Karakouz, Chiara Vicario

A label-free biosensor device based on registration of photonic crystal surface waves is described. Angular interrogation of the optical surface wave resonance is used to detect changes in the thickness of an adsorbed layer, while an additional simultaneous detection of the critical angle of total internal reflection provides independent data of the liquid refractive index. The abilities of the device are demonstrated by measuring of biotin molecule binding to a streptavidin monolayer, and by measuring association and dissociation kinetics of immunoglobulin G proteins. Additionally, deposition of PSS / PAH polyelectrolytes is recorded in situ resulting calculation of PSS and PAH monolayer thicknesses separately.

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Sensing of Surface and Bulk Refractive Index Using Magnetophotonic Crystal with Hybrid Magneto-Optical Response

Serguei Sekatski

We propose an all-dielectric magneto-photonic crystal with a hybrid magneto-optical response that allows for the simultaneous measurements of the surface and bulk refractive index of the analyzed substance. The approach is based on two different spectral features of the magneto-optical response corresponding to the resonances in p- and s-polarizations of the incident light. Angular spectra of p-polarized light have a step-like behavior near the total internal reflection angle which position is sensitive to the bulk refractive index. S-polarized light excites the TE-polarized optical Tamm surface mode localized in a submicron region near the photonic crystal surface and is sensitive to the refractive index of the near-surface analyte. We propose to measure a hybrid magneto-optical intensity modulation of p-polarized light obtained by switching the magnetic field between the transverse and polar configurations. The transversal component of the external magnetic field is responsible for the magneto-optical resonance near total internal reflection conditions, and the polar component reveals the resonance of the Tamm surface mode. Therefore, both surface- and bulk-associated features are present in the magneto-optical spectra of the p-polarized light. View Full-Text Keywords: optical sensor; photonic crystal; surface optical wave; magneto-optics; transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect; Faraday effect

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