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Concept

Quadratic field

Summary

In algebraic number theory, a quadratic field is an algebraic number field of degree two over \mathbf{Q}, the rational numbers. Every such quadratic field is some \mathbf{Q}(\sqrt{d}) where d is a (uniquely defined) square-free integer different from 0 and 1. If d>0, the corresponding quadratic field is called a real quadratic field, and, if d

Official source

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadratic_field

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In mathematics, an algebraic number field (or simply number field) is an extension field K of the field of rational numbers \mathbb{Q} such that

Algebraic number theory is a branch of number theory that uses the techniques of abstract algebra to study the integers, rational numbers, and their generalizations. Number-theoretic questions are e

In mathematics, a field is a set on which addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are defined and behave as the corresponding operations on rational and real numbers do. A field is thus

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Nowadays, one area of research in cryptanalysis is solving the Discrete Logarithm Problem (DLP) in finite groups whose group representation is not yet exploited. For such groups, the best one can do is using a generic method to attack the DLP, the fastest of which remains the Pollard rho algorithm with

r

-adding walks. For the first time, we rigorously analyze the Pollard rho method with

r

-adding walks and prove a complexity bound that differs from the birthday bound observed in practice by a relatively small factor. There exist a multitude of open questions in genus

2

cryptography. In this case, the DLP is defined in large prime order subgroups of rational points that are situated on the Jacobian of a genus~

2

curve defined over a large characteristic finite field. We focus on one main topic, namely we present a new efficient algorithm for computing cyclic isogenies between Jacobians. Comparing to previous work that computes non cyclic isogenies in genus~

2

, we need to restrict to certain cases of polarized abelian varieties with specific complex multiplication and real multiplication. The algorithm has multiple applications related to the structure of the isogeny graph in genus~

2

, including random self-reducibility of DLP. It helps support the widespread intuition of choosing \emph{any} curve in a class of curves that satisfy certain public and well studied security parameters. Another topic of interest is generating hyperelliptic curves for cryptographic applications via the CM method that is based on the numerical estimation of the rational Igusa class polynomials. A recent development relates the denominators of the Igusa class polynomials to counting ideal classes in non maximal real quadratic orders whose norm is not prime to the conductor. Besides counting, our new algorithm provides precise representations of such ideal classes for all real quadratic fields and is part of an implementation in Magma of the recent theoretic work in the literature on the topic of denominators.

EPFL2016

We prove an asymptotic formula for the second moment of a product of two Dirichlet L-functions on the critical line, which has a power saving in the error term and which is uniform with respect to the involved Dirichlet characters. As special cases we give uniform asymptotic formulae for the fourth moment of individual Dirichlet L-functions and for the second moment of Dedekind zeta functions of quadratic number fields on the critical line.

2020

Shimura Curves and Special Values of p-adic L-functions

Ernest Hunter Brooks

We construct "generalized Heegner cycles" on a variety fibered over a Shimura curve, defined over a number field. We show that their images under the p-adic Abel-Jacobi map coincide with the values (outside the range of interpolation) of a p-adic L-function L-p(f, chi) which interpolates special values of the Rankin-Selberg convolution of a fixed newform f and a theta-series theta(chi) attached to an unramified Hecke character of an imaginary quadratic field K. This generalizes previous work of Bertolini, Darmon, and Prasanna, which demonstrated a similar result in the case of modular curves. Our main tool is the theory of Serre-Tate coordinates, which yields p-adic expansions of modular forms at CM points, replacing the role of q-expansions in computations on modular curves.

Oxford University Press2015

r

-adding walks. For the first time, we rigorously analyze the Pollard rho method with

r

-adding walks and prove a complexity bound that differs from the birthday bound observed in practice by a relatively small factor. There exist a multitude of open questions in genus

2

cryptography. In this case, the DLP is defined in large prime order subgroups of rational points that are situated on the Jacobian of a genus~

2

2

2

EPFL2016