Psychologie positive

La psychologie positive est une discipline de la psychologie fondée officiellement en 1998 lors du congrès annuel de l'Association américaine de psychologie par son président de l'époque, Martin E. P. Seligman ( son discours publié en 1999 dans le journal de l'APA, The American Psychologist). Cependant, la psychologie positive a des racines plus anciennes. La psychologie positive ne doit pas être confondue avec la pensée positive, une pseudo-science basée sur l'autosuggestion, faisant l'objet de nombreux best-sellers vendus à des millions d'exemplaires à travers le monde depuis les années 1950. La psychologie positive s’intéresse surtout à la santé, à qualité de vie et au bien-être, à ce qui rend les humains résilients, heureux, optimistes, plutôt qu'aux sources des psychopathologies. L'hypothèse de la psychologie positive est qu'en étudiant pourquoi et comment certains animaux et certaines personnes surmontent mieux que d'autres les difficultés de la vie, il sera possible de trouve

Flight of mind: Sensorimotor and multisensory embodiment with aviation robotics, flight simulator, and virtual reality

Myeong Seop Song

Normally, humans experience an 'I' as residing in one's body and as the agent of one's actions. In other words, the self is experienced as being inside the body (self-location), as having a body (self-identification), and as being able to control the person's body (agency). Over the last decade, research in cognitive neuroscience has revealed that vestibular signals contribute to such aspects of the embodied self. On the other hand, the influences of embodiment on vestibular sensations have received scant attention. In my thesis, I highlight how changes in multisensory and sensorimotor embodiment impact vestibular sensations. For this purpose, I merged technologies from photorealistic virtual reality (VR), aviation robotics such as a drone, flight simulator, haptics with knowledge of cognitive neuroscience about embodiment and bodily self-consciousness (BSC). The multidisciplinary approaches provide new paradigms to modulate embodiment and investigate related vestibular sensations based on multisensory and sensorimotor mechanisms of BSC. Also, the approaches reveal the relationship between embodiment and vestibular sensations. In Study 1, we have objectively shown the possibility of the duplication of the self by measuring peripersonal space (PPS). To this aim, we provided participants with real-time feedback from a drone-mounted camera that autonomously followed them while they responded to multisensory stimuli on their body and in their environment and walked forward. Our results demonstrate that this setup induces two spatially distinct PPSs in healthy participants: reaction times for visuotactile stimuli were faster around both the physical body and the observed body. In Studies 2 & 3, we have added a photorealistic avatar and a haptic vest to a robotic flight simulator to enable and investigate personalized immersive flight experiences in healthy humans. Study 2 showed that modulations of embodiment using sensorimotor stimulation resulted in enhanced subjective flying experience, better piloting performance, and learning. In Study 3, we showed that multisensory - visual and tactile - stimulation could further increase embodiment and improve piloting performance. Furthermore, in both studies, we found a positive relationship between embodiment and flight sensations. In Studies 4 & 5, we developed a new multisensory body scanning technology platform to induce and investigate one of the most common experiences in which the center of awareness is dissociated from the physical body: out-of-body experiences (OBEs). OBEs represent an interesting link between embodiment and vestibular sensations as they are characterized by embodiment of an elevated aerial position and perspective in space that is commonly associated with prominent sensations of floating, elevation, and flight. In this study, we have investigated how several sensorimotor and audio-visual stimulation conditions affect subjective sensations of disembodiment, floating, lightness as well as behavioral measures of self-location. In conclusion, my work developed new paradigms to investigate embodiment, BSC, and vestibular processing. My work revealed the influence of embodiment on vestibular sensations and applied these insights between embodiment and vestibular sensations to the field of field engineering by combining state-of-the-art technologies with knowledge of BSC with broad implications for robotics, neuroscience, of immersive VR, as well as experiential

EPFL2020

Review of Eurotunnel’s Decision-Making Process A critical appraisal of Ex-ante vs. Ex-post studies

Tristan Chevroulet, Georgeta Geambasu, Christian Reynaud, Aymeric Sevestre

This document provides a methodical investigation of the main assessment steps that have led to the construction of Eurotunnel and it compares the results of the analyses that were achieved before the key decisions with the results of studies that have been undertaken since Eurotunnel is in operation. The analysis of successful and mismatched appraisals is followed by a series of methodological recommendations aimed at helping decision-makers to gain from positive experience and to avoid the pitfalls that Eurotunnel encountered. EVA-TREN is the acronym of “improved decision-aid methods and tools to support evaluation of investment for transport and energy networks in Europe”. It is a research aimed at improving decision support for large-scale transport and energy projects in the European Union. EVA-TREN is funded by the Directory General for Transport and Energy (DG TREN) of the European Commission, within the Sixth Research Framework Programme (FP6). EVA-TREN comprises, amongst other, the study of eleven significant investments in European transport and energy infrastructure. More information is available at: www.evatren.eu

2007

Flight of mind: Sensorimotor and multisensory embodiment with aviation robotics, flight simulator, and virtual reality

Myeong Seop Song

EPFL2020

Flight of mind: Sensorimotor and multisensory embodiment with aviation robotics, flight simulator, and virtual reality

Review of Eurotunnel’s Decision-Making Process A critical appraisal of Ex-ante vs. Ex-post studies

The Positive Side of Damping

Flight of mind: Sensorimotor and multisensory embodiment with aviation robotics, flight simulator, and virtual reality

The Positive Side of Damping

Review of Eurotunnel’s Decision-Making Process A critical appraisal of Ex-ante vs. Ex-post studies