In probability theory, a stochastic process is said to have stationary increments if its change only depends on the time span of observation, but not on the time when the observation was started. Many large families of stochastic processes have stationary increments either by definition (e.g. Lévy processes) or by construction (e.g. random walks)
A stochastic process has stationary increments if for all and , the distribution of the random variables
depends only on and not on .
Having stationary increments is a defining property for many large families of stochastic processes such as the Lévy processes. Being special Lévy processes, both the Wiener process and the Poisson processes have stationary increments. Other families of stochastic processes such as random walks have stationary increments by construction.
An example of a stochastic process with stationary increments that is not a Lévy process is given by , where the are independent and identically distributed random variables following a normal distribution with mean zero and variance one. Then the increments are independent of as they have a normal distribution with mean zero and variance two. In this special case, the increments are even independent of the duration of observation itself.
The concept of stationary increments can be generalized to stochastic processes with more complex index sets .
Let be a stochastic process whose index set is closed with respect to addition. Then it has stationary increments if for any , the random variables
and
have identical distributions.
If it is sufficient to consider .
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In probability theory, a stochastic process is said to have stationary increments if its change only depends on the time span of observation, but not on the time when the observation was started. Many large families of stochastic processes have stationary increments either by definition (e.g. Lévy processes) or by construction (e.g. random walks) A stochastic process has stationary increments if for all and , the distribution of the random variables depends only on and not on .
En théorie des probabilités, un processus de Lévy, nommé d'après le mathématicien français Paul Lévy, est un processus stochastique en temps continu, continu à droite limité à gauche (càdlàg), partant de 0, dont les accroissements sont stationnaires et indépendants (cette notion est expliquée ci-dessous). Les exemples les plus connus sont le processus de Wiener et le processus de Poisson.
En théorie des probabilités et en statistiques, un processus gaussien est un processus stochastique (une collection de variables aléatoires avec un index temporel ou spatial) de telle sorte que chaque collection finie de ces variables aléatoires suit une loi normale multidimensionnelle ; c'est-à-dire que chaque combinaison linéaire est normalement distribuée. La distribution d'un processus gaussien est la loi jointe de toutes ces variables aléatoires. Ses réalisations sont donc des fonctions avec un domaine continu.