Convention de Vienne sur le droit des traités

The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT) is an international agreement that regulates treaties among sovereign states; the VCLT is a codification of customary international law and state practice concerning treaties. Known as the "treaty on treaties", the VCLT establishes comprehensive, operational guidelines, rules, and procedures for how treaties are drafted, defined, amended, and interpreted. An international treaty is a written agreement between countries subject to international law that stipulates their consent to the creation, alteration, or termination of their rights and obligations, as stipulated in the treaty. The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties was adopted and opened to signature on 23 May 1969, became effective on 27 January 1980, and has been ratified by 116 sovereign states as of January 2018. Non-ratifying parties, such as the U.S., have recognized parts of the VCLT as a restatement of customary international law. In treaty law, the VCLT is the authority for resolving disputes about the interpretation of a treaty. The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT) was drafted by the International Law Commission (ILC) of the United Nations, which began work on the convention in 1949. During the 20 years of preparation, several draft versions of the convention and commentaries were prepared by special rapporteurs of the ILC, which included prominent international law scholars James Brierly, Hersch Lauterpacht, Gerald Fitzmaurice, and Humphrey Waldock. In 1966, the ILC adopted 75 draft articles, which formed the basis for its final work. Over two sessions in 1968 and 1969, the Vienna Conference completed the convention, which was adopted on 22 May 1969 and opened for signature on the following day. In the practices of international law, the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties is the legal authority about the formation and effects of a treaty. The legal standing of the VCLT is recognised by non-signator countries, such as the U.S.

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Concepts associés (16)

International law

International law (also known as public international law and the law of nations) is the set of rules, norms, and standards generally recognised as binding between states. It establishes normative guidelines and a common conceptual framework for states across a broad range of domains, including war and diplomacy, economic relations, and human rights. International law differs from state-based domestic legal systems in that it is primarily, though not exclusively, applicable to states, rather than to individuals, and operates largely through consent, since there is no universally accepted authority to enforce it upon sovereign states.

Pacta sunt servanda

Pacta sunt servanda (« Les conventions doivent être respectées ») est une locution latine signifiant que les parties sont désormais liées au contrat venant d'être conclu et qu'à ce titre elles ne sauraient déroger aux obligations issues de cet accord. Cette locution, qui traduit la force obligatoire des conventions, est à la fois un principe de droit des obligations, de droit international public et de droit constitutionnel français. L'article 1103 du Code civil français y fait une référence expresse : .

Convention de Vienne sur le droit des traités

La convention de Vienne sur le droit des traités de 1969 codifie les traités et les relations internationales juridiques entre les États. N'étant pas rétroactive, elle n'est pas appliquée pour les traités précédents, mais doit être respectée entre les États parties. La convention est rédigée par la Commission du droit international et adoptée par soixante-dix-neuf des membres présents, contre dix-neuf abstentions (dont les pays du bloc de l'Est) et un vote contre (la France).