Symmetry in quantum mechanicsSymmetries in quantum mechanics describe features of spacetime and particles which are unchanged under some transformation, in the context of quantum mechanics, relativistic quantum mechanics and quantum field theory, and with applications in the mathematical formulation of the standard model and condensed matter physics. In general, symmetry in physics, invariance, and conservation laws, are fundamentally important constraints for formulating physical theories and models.
Groupe de HeisenbergEn mathématiques, le groupe de Heisenberg d'un anneau unifère A (non nécessairement commutatif) est le groupe multiplicatif des matrices triangulaires supérieures de taille 3 à coefficients dans A et dont les éléments diagonaux sont égaux au neutre multiplicatif de l'anneau : Originellement, l'anneau A choisi par Werner Heisenberg était le corps R des réels. Le « groupe de Heisenberg continu », , lui a permis d'expliquer, en mécanique quantique, l'équivalence entre la représentation de Heisenberg et celle de Schrödinger.
Pin groupIn mathematics, the pin group is a certain subgroup of the Clifford algebra associated to a quadratic space. It maps 2-to-1 to the orthogonal group, just as the spin group maps 2-to-1 to the special orthogonal group. In general the map from the Pin group to the orthogonal group is not surjective or a universal covering space, but if the quadratic form is definite (and dimension is greater than 2), it is both.
Covering groups of the alternating and symmetric groupsIn the mathematical area of group theory, the covering groups of the alternating and symmetric groups are groups that are used to understand the projective representations of the alternating and symmetric groups. The covering groups were classified in : for n ≥ 4, the covering groups are 2-fold covers except for the alternating groups of degree 6 and 7 where the covers are 6-fold. For example the binary icosahedral group covers the icosahedral group, an alternating group of degree 5, and the binary tetrahedral group covers the tetrahedral group, an alternating group of degree 4.
