Concept
Finite intersection property
Concepts associés (11)
Filter (set theory)
In mathematics, a filter on a set is a family of subsets such that: and if and , then If , and , then A filter on a set may be thought of as representing a "collection of large subsets", one intuitive example being the neighborhood filter. Filters appear in order theory, model theory, and set theory, but can also be found in topology, from which they originate. The dual notion of a filter is an ideal.
Ultrafilter on a set
In the mathematical field of set theory, an ultrafilter on a set is a maximal filter on the set In other words, it is a collection of subsets of that satisfies the definition of a filter on and that is maximal with respect to inclusion, in the sense that there does not exist a strictly larger collection of subsets of that is also a filter. (In the above, by definition a filter on a set does not contain the empty set.) Equivalently, an ultrafilter on the set can also be characterized as a filter on with the property that for every subset of either or its complement belongs to the ultrafilter.
General topology
In mathematics, general topology (or point set topology) is the branch of topology that deals with the basic set-theoretic definitions and constructions used in topology. It is the foundation of most other branches of topology, including differential topology, geometric topology, and algebraic topology. The fundamental concepts in point-set topology are continuity, compactness, and connectedness: Continuous functions, intuitively, take nearby points to nearby points.
Neighbourhood system
In topology and related areas of mathematics, the neighbourhood system, complete system of neighbourhoods, or neighbourhood filter for a point in a topological space is the collection of all neighbourhoods of Neighbourhood of a point or set An of a point (or subset) in a topological space is any open subset of that contains A is any subset that contains open neighbourhood of ; explicitly, is a neighbourhood of in if and only if there exists some open subset with . Equivalently, a neighborhood of is any set that contains in its topological interior.
Convergence space
In mathematics, a convergence space, also called a generalized convergence, is a set together with a relation called a that satisfies certain properties relating elements of X with the family of filters on X. Convergence spaces generalize the notions of convergence that are found in point-set topology, including metric convergence and uniform convergence. Every topological space gives rise to a canonical convergence but there are convergences, known as , that do not arise from any topological space.
Suite généralisée
En mathématiques, la notion de suite généralisée, ou suite de Moore-Smith, ou filet, étend celle de suite, en indexant les éléments d'une famille par des éléments d'un ensemble ordonné filtrant qui n'est plus nécessairement celui des entiers naturels. Pour tout ensemble X, une suite généralisée d'éléments de X est une famille d'éléments de X indexée par un ensemble ordonné filtrant A. Par filtrant (à droite), on entend que toute paire dans A possède un majorant dans A. Soit un filet dans un ensemble E et, pour tout , .
Théorème de Tykhonov
Le théorème de Tychonov (ou Tychonoff) est un théorème de topologie qui affirme qu'un produit d'espaces topologiques compacts est compact au sens de la topologie produit. Il a été publié en 1930 par le mathématicien russe Andreï Nikolaïevitch Tikhonov. Il a plusieurs applications en topologie algébrique et différentielle, particulièrement en analyse fonctionnelle, pour la preuve du théorème de Banach-Alaoglu-Bourbaki et le compactifié de Stone-Čech.
Filters in topology
Filters in topology, a subfield of mathematics, can be used to study topological spaces and define all basic topological notions such as convergence, continuity, compactness, and more. Filters, which are special families of subsets of some given set, also provide a common framework for defining various types of limits of functions such as limits from the left/right, to infinity, to a point or a set, and many others. Special types of filters called have many useful technical properties and they may often be used in place of arbitrary filters.
Filtre (mathématiques)
En mathématiques, et plus particulièrement en topologie générale, un filtre est une structure définie sur un ensemble, et permettant d'étendre la notion de limite aux situations les plus générales. La théorie des filtres a été inventée, en 1937, par Henri Cartan et utilisée par Bourbaki. Les filtres ont permis en particulier une démonstration élégante du théorème de Tychonov.
Adhérence (mathématiques)
En topologie, l'adhérence d'une partie d'un espace topologique est le plus petit ensemble fermé contenant cette partie. Lorsque l'espace est métrisable, c'est aussi l'ensemble des limites de suites convergentes à valeurs dans cette partie. Dans un espace topologique E, l'adhérence d'une partie X, notée , est le « plus petit » (au sens de l'inclusion) fermé contenant X. L'existence d'un tel fermé est claire : il existe au moins un fermé contenant X, à savoir l'espace E lui-même ; d'autre part, l'intersection de tous les fermés contenant X est un fermé contenant X, et est le plus petit ayant cette propriété.