2-forme de courbure

In differential geometry, the curvature form describes curvature of a connection on a principal bundle. The Riemann curvature tensor in Riemannian geometry can be considered as a special case. Let G be a Lie group with Lie algebra , and P → B be a principal G-bundle. Let ω be an Ehresmann connection on P (which is a -valued one-form on P). Then the curvature form is the -valued 2-form on P defined by (In another convention, 1/2 does not appear.) Here stands for exterior derivative, is defined in the article "Lie algebra-valued form" and D denotes the exterior covariant derivative. In other terms, where X, Y are tangent vectors to P. There is also another expression for Ω: if X, Y are horizontal vector fields on P, then where hZ means the horizontal component of Z, on the right we identified a vertical vector field and a Lie algebra element generating it (fundamental vector field), and is the inverse of the normalization factor used by convention in the formula for the exterior derivative. A connection is said to be flat if its curvature vanishes: Ω = 0. Equivalently, a connection is flat if the structure group can be reduced to the same underlying group but with the discrete topology. If E → B is a vector bundle, then one can also think of ω as a matrix of 1-forms and the above formula becomes the structure equation of E. Cartan: where is the wedge product. More precisely, if and denote components of ω and Ω correspondingly, (so each is a usual 1-form and each is a usual 2-form) then For example, for the tangent bundle of a Riemannian manifold, the structure group is O(n) and Ω is a 2-form with values in the Lie algebra of O(n), i.e. the antisymmetric matrices. In this case the form Ω is an alternative description of the curvature tensor, i.e. using the standard notation for the Riemannian curvature tensor. Contracted Bianchi identities Riemann curvature tensor#Symmetries and identities If is the canonical vector-valued 1-form on the frame bundle, the torsion of the connection form is the vector-valued 2-form defined by the structure equation where as above D denotes the exterior covariant derivative.