Théorie de Hodge

La théorie de Hodge est l'étude, avec l'apport notamment de la topologie algébrique, des formes différentielles sur une variété lisse. En conséquence elle éclaire l'étude des variétés riemanniennes et kählériennes, ainsi que l'étude géométrique des motifs. Elle tient son nom du mathématicien écossais William Hodge. Un des problèmes du prix du millénaire a trait à cette théorie : la conjecture de Hodge. Essentiellement, la théorie permet d'associer, à certaines variétés, une qui se révèle un outil très puissant d'analyse des propriétés de la variété d'origine, tout en étant d'une manipulation éventuellement plus aisée car relevant de l'algèbre linéaire. La théorie se trouve au cœur de nombreux problèmes mathématiques et apparaît notamment en mathématiques appliquées, en physique mathématique et en physique théorique, dans les théories de jauges en particulier, par exemple l'électromagnétisme. Histoire La théorie est posée par Hodge autour de 1941 avec la publication de H

Collapse-invariant properties of spaces equipped with signals or directions

Stefania Ebli

Collapsing cell complexes was first introduced in the 1930's as a way to deform a space into a topological-equivalent subspace with a sequence of elementary moves. Recently, discrete Morse theory techniques provided an efficient way to construct deformation retracts collapsing one space into the other while preserving global topological properties. This type of collapse, called a Morse matching, has been widely used to speed up computations in (persistent) homology by reducing the size of complexes. Unlike classical collapses, in this thesis we consider topological spaces equipped with signals or directions. The main goal is then to reduce the size of the spaces while preserving as much as possible of both the topological structure and the properties of the signals or the directions. In the first part of the thesis we explore collapsing in topological signal processing. In this context, each signal on the cells of a complex is processed using the combinatorial Laplacian and the resultant Hodge decomposition.In Article 2.1 we provide an approach to signal compression and reconstruction on chain complexes that leverages the tools of algebraic discrete Morse theory. We first prove that any deformation retract of real finite-dimensional based chain complex is equivalent to a Morse matching. We then study the interaction between the Hodge decomposition and signal compression and reconstruction. Specifically, we prove that parts of a signal's Hodge decomposition are preserved under compression and reconstruction for specific classes of discrete Morse deformation retracts of a given based chain complex. Finally, we provide an algorithm to compute Morse matchings with minimal reconstruction error.Complementary to our theoretic results in topological signal processing, we provide two applications in this field. Article 2.2 extends graph convolutional neural networks to simplicial complexes, while Article 2.3 presents a novel algorithm, inspired by the well-known spectral clustering algorithm, to embed simplices in a Euclidean space. The object of our studies in the second part of the thesis is topological spaces equipped with a sense of direction. In the directed setting, the topology of the space is characterized by directed paths between fixed initial and terminal points. Motivated by applications in concurrent programs, we focus on directed Euclidean cubical complexes and their spaces of directed paths.In Article 3.1 we define a notion of directed collapsibility for Euclidean cubical complexes using the notion of past links, a combinatorial local representations of cubical complexes. We show that this notion of collapsability preserves given properties of the directed path spaces. In particular, we give sufficient conditions for a directed Euclidean cubical complex to have a contractible or a connected space of directed paths from a fixed initial vertex.In Article 3.2 we extend these results, providing further conditions for directed collapses to preserve the contractability or conneectdness of spaces of directed paths. Furthermore, we provide simple combinatorial conditions for preserving the topology of past links. These conditions are the first step towards developing an algorithm that checks at each iteration if a collapse preserves certain properties of the directed space.

EPFL2022

L-2-cohomology and complete Hamiltonian manifolds

Tudor Ratiu

A classical theorem of Frankel for compact Kahler manifolds states that a Kahler S-1-action is Hamiltonian if and only if it has fixed points. We prove a metatheorem which says that when the Hodge theory holds on non-compact manifolds, Frankel's theorem still holds. Finally, we present several concrete situations in which the assumptions of the metatheorem hold. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Elsevier2015

Collapse-invariant properties of spaces equipped with signals or directions

Stefania Ebli

EPFL2022

Collapse-invariant properties of spaces equipped with signals or directions

L-2-cohomology and complete Hamiltonian manifolds

On the Hodge decomposition in $\mathbb{R}^n$

L-2-cohomology and complete Hamiltonian manifolds

On the Hodge decomposition in $\mathbb{R}^n$

Collapse-invariant properties of spaces equipped with signals or directions