Optimisation multidisciplinaire

Résumé

L'Optimisation de Conception Multidisciplinaire (OMD ou MDO, Multidisciplinary Design Optimisation, en anglais) est un domaine d'ingénierie qui utilise des méthodes d'optimisation afin de résoudre des problèmes de conception mettant en œuvre plusieurs disciplines. La MDO permet aux concepteurs d'incorporer les effets de chacune des disciplines en même temps. L'optimum global ainsi trouvé est meilleur que la configuration trouvée en optimisant chaque discipline indépendamment des autres, car l'on prend en compte les interactions entre les disciplines. Cependant cela entraîne un surcoût au niveau du temps calcul et de la complexité du problème. Ces techniques sont utilisées dans plusieurs domaines d'application, dont la conception automobile, navale, électronique et informatique. Cependant la plus grande application reste dans le domaine de la conception aéronautique. Par exemple, le projet d'aile volante de Boeing (Blended wing body) a utilisé largement les techniques MDO dans le cad

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimisation_multidisciplinaire

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This course will cover all the aspects of product design and system engineering from learning relevant methods to the actual implementation in a hands-on practice of product development.

Space environment is different from what we can experience on Earth, requiring specific design approaches in order to achieve reliable operations. Engineers must hence face new challenges stimulating their creativity to tackle those particular constraints.

Introduction to major operations research models and optimization algorithms

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Generator Circuit Breakers (GCBs) are commonly used in electrical power generation systems to protect key equipment such as transformers and generators from damage due to overload or short-circuit. However the interruption and feeding of high currents lead to the ablation of the electrical contact system of the breaker. This deterioration process needs to be monitored in order to guarantee the healthy condition of the breaker. In this paper, we propose a virtual prototype of a GCB fitted with an ablation monitoring system. This is an early model of the complete system, which is highly desired before the physical implementation, since it facilitates the study of detection methods and the exploration of system limitations. The virtual prototype is implemented in VHDL-AMS with certain low-level models described in SPICE. The virtual prototype has been validated by measurements performed on the real system. It is therefore adequate for performing design optimization and to obtain useful observations for further usage of the monitoring system.

IEEE Conference Press2015

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First steps towards interlocking modular microfluidic cooling substrates (i-MμCS) for future silicon tracking detectors in High Energy Physics (HEP)

Massimo Angeletti, Philippe Renaud

In future High Energy Physics detectors, the coverage of large surfaces with silicon pixel chip sensors poses a challenge for the sensors positioning, for their cooling, assembly, and interconnection. The use of a cooling substrate on which the sensors are glued is typically limited by the bulky and complicated hydraulic interconnection between adjacent substrates. In this research, a new type of cooling substrate is presented. Its design is based on microchannels, where additive manufacturing of plastic and ceramic materials has been considered an alternative to the current silicon etching process. A solution to the mechanical and hydraulic interconnection problem is achieved through a modular interlocking concept. Design optimisation was followed having identified three relevant parameters, plug-and-ply, interchangeability and sealing performance, which qualify the substrates interconnection and guaranty their correct positioning. This paper poses the bases to a new substrate category where modularity, re-workability and easy connectivity are the strong points. This concept could find applications also outside High Energy Physics experiments such as hardware cloud computing and medical detectors.

2022

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Biomechanics at the workplace under hypogravity conditions

Tatiana Volkova

The main goal of my research is to establish guidelines for workplace design based on human biomechanics: specifically sitting workplaces and handling areas in 1/6G-1/3G (Moon, Mars) conditions. Such a workplace could be used in long-term space missions in order to maximize worker performance and minimize the risks of musculoskeletal injuries.Research objective is to formalize a baseline workplace design based on best practices limited to the tasks: operating a computer, assembling/maintenance operations.Proposed steps:1) Data collection and methods definitions2) Measurement and simulation of the human fatigue in the variation of sitting postures and handling areas (identification of typical poses, 3D simulation, graph analysis)3) Optimization of the workplace design based on human biomechanics (motion capture, factor analysis, optimization) 4) Simulation of workplace design in different environments (validation methods).Scientific & technological novelty: 1) Measurement of human muscular fatigue as a function of workload in reduced gravity conditions and integration of the results into the design model2) Modeling of the biomechanics of human movements in the workplace in reduced gravity conditions;3) Developing of sitting workplace design in reduced gravity conditions - taking into account human biomechanics.This research addresses problems revealed by workplace design in confined conditions found in Earth or near-Earth facilities in extreme environments including in underwater conditions, remote & non-remote locations and Low Earth Orbit (LEO), habitat simulators. Human-centered design strategies and biomechanics issues for creating an effective workplace design for long-term missions will also be addressed. The recommendations for design, maintenance, and usage of this workplace in different gravity conditions (1G, 1/6G,1/3G) will be provided. The design optimization of such a workplaces design based on human biomechanics will be done with the help of numerical simulations and digital human modeling. Physical experiments will validate these results by means of the suspension system, underwater experiment and possible by parabolic flights. This work may have a significant impact on workplace designs for both Earth and Space projects. Keywords: biomechanics, workplace, posture, extreme environments, human-centered design, Moon/Mars exploration, comfort conditions, task performance, reduced gravity, digital human modeling, motion capture

EPFL2022

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Biomechanics at the workplace under hypogravity conditions

Tatiana Volkova

EPFL2022