OctadécagoneUn octadécagone ou octakaidécagone est un polygone à 18 sommets, donc 18 côtés et 135 diagonales. La somme des angles internes d'un octadécagone non croisé vaut . Le nom du polygone est formé à partir des préfixes octo et déca. Octo provient du grec ancien ὀκτώ (octo, huit) et déca de δέκα (déca, dix). En grec ancien, dix-huit se dit ὀκτὼ καὶ δέκα (octo kai deka). Un octadécagone régulier est un octadécagone dont les 18 côtés ont la même longueur et dont les angles internes ont même mesure.
IcositetragonIn geometry, an icositetragon (or icosikaitetragon) or 24-gon is a twenty-four-sided polygon. The sum of any icositetragon's interior angles is 3960 degrees. The regular icositetragon is represented by Schläfli symbol {24} and can also be constructed as a truncated dodecagon, t{12}, or a twice-truncated hexagon, tt{6}, or thrice-truncated triangle, ttt{3}. One interior angle in a regular icositetragon is 165°, meaning that one exterior angle would be 15°.
QuadratrixIn geometry, a quadratrix () is a curve having ordinates which are a measure of the area (or quadrature) of another curve. The two most famous curves of this class are those of Dinostratus and E. W. Tschirnhaus, which are both related to the circle. Quadratrix of Hippias The quadratrix of Dinostratus (also called the quadratrix of Hippias) was well known to the ancient Greek geometers, and is mentioned by Proclus, who ascribes the invention of the curve to a contemporary of Socrates, probably Hippias of Elis.
PseudomathematicsPseudomathematics, or mathematical crankery, is a mathematics-like activity that does not adhere to the framework of rigor of formal mathematical practice. Common areas of pseudomathematics are solutions of problems proved to be unsolvable or recognized as extremely hard by experts, as well as attempts to apply mathematics to non-quantifiable areas. A person engaging in pseudomathematics is called a pseudomathematician or a pseudomath. Pseudomathematics has equivalents in other scientific fields, and may overlap with other topics characterized as pseudoscience.
Compas (géométrie)vignette|redresse|Dessin d'un cercle avec un compas. vignette|redresse|Compas muni d'un stylo à pointe tubulaire. Un compas est un instrument de géométrie qui sert à tracer des cercles ou des arcs de cercle, mais aussi à comparer, reporter ou mesurer des distances. Il est constitué de deux branches jointes par une articulation. Les compas sont, ou ont été, utilisés en mathématiques, pour le dessin technique, en géographie pour le tracé et l'utilisation des cartes, etc.
StraightedgeA straightedge or straight edge is a tool used for drawing straight lines, or checking their straightness. If it has equally spaced markings along its length, it is usually called a ruler. Straightedges are used in the automotive service and machining industry to check the flatness of machined mating surfaces. They are also used in the decorating industry for cutting and hanging wallpaper. True straightness can in some cases be checked by using a laser line level as an optical straightedge: it can illuminate an accurately straight line on a flat surface such as the edge of a plank or shelf.
IcositrigonIn geometry, an icositrigon (or icosikaitrigon) or 23-gon is a 23-sided polygon. The icositrigon has the distinction of being the smallest regular polygon that is not neusis constructible. A regular icositrigon is represented by Schläfli symbol {23}. A regular icositrigon has internal angles of degrees, with an area of where is side length and is the inradius, or apothem. The regular icositrigon is not constructible with a compass and straightedge or angle trisection, on account of the number 23 being neither a Fermat nor Pierpont prime.
