Radius (os)Le radius (du latin, radius, « rayon »), est un os long interne du zeugopode du membre chiridien des vertébrés tétrapodes. Chez l'Homme, le radius constitue, avec l'ulna, l'avant-bras dont il occupe la partie latérale. Il s'articule au niveau du coude avec l'humérus et l'ulna, et au niveau du poignet avec l'ulna, l'os scaphoïde et l'os lunatum. L'ulna et le radius jouent un rôle fondamental dans le mouvement de pronation / supination de l'avant-bras. Il est constitué d'un corps (la diaphyse) et de deux extrémités (les épiphyses proximale et distale).
Physical therapyPhysical therapy (PT), also known as physiotherapy, is one of the allied health professions. It is provided by physical therapists who promote, maintain, or restore health through physical examination, diagnosis, management, prognosis, patient education, physical intervention, rehabilitation, disease prevention, and health promotion. Physical therapists are known as physiotherapists in many countries. The career has many specialties including musculoskeletal, orthopedics, cardiopulmonary, neurology, endocrinology, sports medicine, geriatrics, pediatrics, women's health, wound care and electromyography.
Maladie osseuse de PagetLa maladie osseuse de Paget (ou « osteitis deformans » aujourd'hui remplacé par « osteodystrophia deformans ») est une maladie osseuse chronique et localisée (à un ou plusieurs os), caractérisée par un remodelage osseux anormal et excessif, aboutissant à d'importantes anomalies de la microarchitecture osseuse, avec hyperactivité des cellules osseuses, progressive ayant pour conséquence des structures osseuses peu résistantes et hypertrophiques.
Bone mineralBone mineral (also called inorganic bone phase, bone salt, or bone apatite) is the inorganic component of bone tissue. It gives bones their compressive strength. Bone mineral is formed predominantly from carbonated hydroxyapatite with lower crystallinity. Bone mineral is formed from globular and plate structures distributed among the collagen fibrils of bone and forming yet a larger structure. The bone salt and collagen fibers together constitute the extracellular matrix of bone tissue.
Bone remodelingBone remodeling (or bone metabolism) is a lifelong process where mature bone tissue is removed from the skeleton (a process called bone resorption) and new bone tissue is formed (a process called ossification or new bone formation). These processes also control the reshaping or replacement of bone following injuries like fractures but also micro-damage, which occurs during normal activity. Remodeling responds also to functional demands of the mechanical loading. In the first year of life, almost 100% of the skeleton is replaced.
OstéopénieL'ostéopénie est une baisse de la densité de l'os. Il s'agit d'un état physiologique, précurseur de l'ostéoporose. On estime que jusqu'à 11 % de baisse de la densité osseuse, il s'agit d'ostéopénie, raréfaction osseuse, fragilisation du tissu osseux. Au-delà, il s'agit d'ostéoporose. L'ostéopénie est donc un état intermédiaire entre l'os normal et l'ostéoporose. On mesure la densité minérale osseuse au moyen de l'absorptiométrie. C'est ce que l'on appelle l'ostéodensitométrie.
Neurobiological effects of physical exerciseThe neurobiological effects of physical exercise are numerous and involve a wide range of interrelated effects on brain structure, brain function, and cognition. A large body of research in humans has demonstrated that consistent aerobic exercise (e.g., 30 minutes every day) induces persistent improvements in certain cognitive functions, healthy alterations in gene expression in the brain, and beneficial forms of neuroplasticity and behavioral plasticity; some of these long-term effects include: increased neuron growth, increased neurological activity (e.
Fitnessthumb|Démonstration d'exercices de fitness. Le fitness (abréviation de l'expression anglaise physical fitness, « forme physique »), aussi appelé la gymnastique de forme ou l'entraînement physique, désigne un ensemble d'activités physiques permettant au pratiquant d'améliorer sa condition physique et son hygiène de vie, dans un souci de bien-être. Le fitness trouve ses origines dans l'aérobic (gymnastique modelant le corps par des mouvements effectués en musique), qui lui-même naît de la danse jazz.
Bone tumorA bone tumor is an abnormal growth of tissue in bone, traditionally classified as noncancerous (benign) or cancerous (malignant). Cancerous bone tumors usually originate from a cancer in another part of the body such as from lung, breast, thyroid, kidney and prostate. There may be a lump, pain, or neurological signs from pressure. A bone tumor might present with a pathologic fracture. Other symptoms may include fatigue, fever, weight loss, anemia and nausea. Sometimes there are no symptoms and the tumour is found when investigating another problem.
Bone resorptionBone resorption is resorption of bone tissue, that is, the process by which osteoclasts break down the tissue in bones and release the minerals, resulting in a transfer of calcium from bone tissue to the blood. The osteoclasts are multi-nucleated cells that contain numerous mitochondria and lysosomes. These are the cells responsible for the resorption of bone. Osteoblasts are generally present on the outer layer of bone, just beneath the periosteum. Attachment of the osteoclast to the osteon begins the process.
