Groupe profiniEn théorie des groupes, un groupe profini est un groupe topologique obtenu comme limite projective de groupes finis discrets. La notion de groupe profini est particulièrement utile en théorie de Galois, pour pouvoir travailler avec des extensions infinies. Comme plus généralement en théorie des catégories, cette limite projective est uniquement définie à unique isomorphisme près. Elle peut être interprétée comme objet final d'une bonne catégorie.
UnipotentEn mathématiques, un élément unipotent r d'un anneau unitaire R est un tel que r − 1 est un élément nilpotent ; en d'autres termes, (r − 1)n vaut zéro pour n assez grand. En particulier, une matrice carrée M est une matrice unipotente si et seulement si son polynôme caractéristique P(t) est une puissance de t − 1. Ainsi, toutes les valeurs propres d'une matrice unipotente valent 1. Le terme quasi-unipotent signifie qu'une certaine puissance de l'élément est unipotente.
Projective unitary groupIn mathematics, the projective unitary group PU(n) is the quotient of the unitary group U(n) by the right multiplication of its center, U(1), embedded as scalars. Abstractly, it is the holomorphic isometry group of complex projective space, just as the projective orthogonal group is the isometry group of real projective space. In terms of matrices, elements of U(n) are complex n×n unitary matrices, and elements of the center are diagonal matrices equal to eiθ multiplied by the identity matrix.
Groupe de TitsEn mathématiques, le groupe de Tits est un groupe simple fini d'ordre = 211 · 33 · 52 · 13 nommé en l'honneur du mathématicien Jacques Tits. C'est le sous-groupe dérivé du groupe Ree . À strictement parler, le groupe de Tits lui-même n'est pas un groupe de type de Lie et en fait, il a été quelquefois considéré comme un groupe sporadique. Le groupe de Tits peut être défini en termes de générateurs et de relations par où est le commutateur. Son multiplicateur de Schur est trivial.
Cartan subalgebraIn mathematics, a Cartan subalgebra, often abbreviated as CSA, is a nilpotent subalgebra of a Lie algebra that is self-normalising (if for all , then ). They were introduced by Élie Cartan in his doctoral thesis. It controls the representation theory of a semi-simple Lie algebra over a field of characteristic . In a finite-dimensional semisimple Lie algebra over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero (e.g., ), a Cartan subalgebra is the same thing as a maximal abelian subalgebra consisting of elements x such that the adjoint endomorphism is semisimple (i.
Dualité de Pontriaguinevignette|La transformée de Fourier En mathématiques, notamment en analyse harmonique et dans la théorie des groupes topologiques, la dualité de Pontriaguine explique les principales propriétés de la transformée de Fourier.
Locally profinite groupIn mathematics, a locally profinite group is a Hausdorff topological group in which every neighborhood of the identity element contains a compact open subgroup. Equivalently, a locally profinite group is a topological group that is Hausdorff, locally compact, and totally disconnected. Moreover, a locally profinite group is compact if and only if it is profinite; this explains the terminology. Basic examples of locally profinite groups are discrete groups and the p-adic Lie groups.
Coherent sheaf cohomologyIn mathematics, especially in algebraic geometry and the theory of complex manifolds, coherent sheaf cohomology is a technique for producing functions with specified properties. Many geometric questions can be formulated as questions about the existence of sections of line bundles or of more general coherent sheaves; such sections can be viewed as generalized functions. Cohomology provides computable tools for producing sections, or explaining why they do not exist. It also provides invariants to distinguish one algebraic variety from another.
Group algebra of a locally compact groupIn functional analysis and related areas of mathematics, the group algebra is any of various constructions to assign to a locally compact group an operator algebra (or more generally a Banach algebra), such that representations of the algebra are related to representations of the group. As such, they are similar to the group ring associated to a discrete group. If G is a locally compact Hausdorff group, G carries an essentially unique left-invariant countably additive Borel measure μ called a Haar measure.
Locally compact abelian groupIn several mathematical areas, including harmonic analysis, topology, and number theory, locally compact abelian groups are abelian groups which have a particularly convenient topology on them. For example, the group of integers (equipped with the discrete topology), or the real numbers or the circle (both with their usual topology) are locally compact abelian groups. A topological group is called locally compact if the underlying topological space is locally compact and Hausdorff; the topological group is called abelian if the underlying group is abelian.
