Carbonyl groupIn organic chemistry, a carbonyl group is a functional group with the formula , composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom, and it is divalent at the C atom. It is common to several classes of organic compounds (such as aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids), as part of many larger functional groups. A compound containing a carbonyl group is often referred to as a carbonyl compound. The term carbonyl can also refer to carbon monoxide as a ligand in an inorganic or organometallic complex (a metal carbonyl, e.
Scalar field theoryIn theoretical physics, scalar field theory can refer to a relativistically invariant classical or quantum theory of scalar fields. A scalar field is invariant under any Lorentz transformation. The only fundamental scalar quantum field that has been observed in nature is the Higgs field. However, scalar quantum fields feature in the effective field theory descriptions of many physical phenomena. An example is the pion, which is actually a pseudoscalar.
Constante de couplageEn physique, une constante de couplage est un nombre caractéristique de l'intensité d'une interaction. En physique classique les constantes de couplage interviennent en mécanique et en électromagnétisme : la constante de couplage de deux circuits linéaires, comme l'inductance mutuelle M d'un transformateur. Voir aussi l'article Couplage de deux oscillateurs électriques ; la constante de couplage de deux systèmes mécaniques, souvent notée k, caractérise leur dépendance l'un à l'autre.
Angular momentum couplingIn quantum mechanics, the procedure of constructing eigenstates of total angular momentum out of eigenstates of separate angular momenta is called angular momentum coupling. For instance, the orbit and spin of a single particle can interact through spin–orbit interaction, in which case the complete physical picture must include spin–orbit coupling. Or two charged particles, each with a well-defined angular momentum, may interact by Coulomb forces, in which case coupling of the two one-particle angular momenta to a total angular momentum is a useful step in the solution of the two-particle Schrödinger equation.
Amidethumb|Structure générale des amides Un amide est un composé organique dérivé d'un acide carboxylique. Un amide possède un atome d'azote lié à son groupe carbonyle. Les amides sont un groupe important en biochimie, parce qu'ils sont responsables de la liaison peptidique entre les différents acides aminés qui forment les protéines. Comme certaines autres familles de composés organiques (alcools, amines, etc.
Non-métalUn non-métal est un élément chimique dont les atomes du corps simple sont unis par des liaisons covalentes ou des liaisons intermoléculaires, et non par des liaisons métalliques. Ce sont de bons isolants électriques et thermiques, pour la plupart très volatils, caractérisés par une masse volumique plus faible et des températures de changement d'état généralement bien plus basses que celles des métaux, à l'exception notable du carbone.
Chimie clickDans le domaine de la synthèse chimique, la chimie clic, ou chimie click (click chemistry en anglais ou plus communément tagging) est une classe de réactions chimiques biocompatibles utilisées pour joindre à un substrat choisi une biomolécule spécifique (le click peut évoquer le bruit imaginaire d'un clipsage d'une molécule sur l'autre).
Chemical symbolChemical symbols are the abbreviations used in chemistry for chemical elements, functional groups and chemical compounds. Element symbols for chemical elements normally consist of one or two letters from the Latin alphabet and are written with the first letter capitalised. Earlier symbols for chemical elements stem from classical Latin and Greek vocabulary. For some elements, this is because the material was known in ancient times, while for others, the name is a more recent invention.
Bioorthogonal chemistryThe term bioorthogonal chemistry refers to any chemical reaction that can occur inside of living systems without interfering with native biochemical processes. The term was coined by Carolyn R. Bertozzi in 2003. Since its introduction, the concept of the bioorthogonal reaction has enabled the study of biomolecules such as glycans, proteins, and lipids in real time in living systems without cellular toxicity.
Central simple algebraIn ring theory and related areas of mathematics a central simple algebra (CSA) over a field K is a finite-dimensional associative K-algebra A which is simple, and for which the center is exactly K. (Note that not every simple algebra is a central simple algebra over its center: for instance, if K is a field of characteristic 0, then the Weyl algebra is a simple algebra with center K, but is not a central simple algebra over K as it has infinite dimension as a K-module.
