PolytopeUn polytope est un objet mathématique géométrique. Le terme de polytope a été inventé par Alicia Boole Stott, la fille du logicien George Boole. Le terme polytope admet plusieurs définitions au sein des mathématiques. Principalement car les usages diffèrent en quelques points selon les pays, mais l'usage américain ayant tendance à s'imposer, on se retrouve confronté avec des usages contradictoires au sein d'un même pays.
Regular 4-polytopeIn mathematics, a regular 4-polytope is a regular four-dimensional polytope. They are the four-dimensional analogues of the regular polyhedra in three dimensions and the regular polygons in two dimensions. There are six convex and ten star regular 4-polytopes, giving a total of sixteen. The convex regular 4-polytopes were first described by the Swiss mathematician Ludwig Schläfli in the mid-19th century. He discovered that there are precisely six such figures.
4-polytopeEn géométrie, un 4-polytope (fréquemment appelé également un polychore) est un polytope de l'espace à quatre dimensions. C'est une figure connexe, composée d'un nombre fini de polytopes de dimension inférieure : des sommets, des arêtes, des faces (qui sont des polygones), et des cellules (qui sont des polyèdres), chaque face appartenant à exactement deux cellules. Le 4-polytope le plus connu est le tesseract (ou hypercube), analogue en 4D du cube. La définition des 4-polytopes varie beaucoup selon les auteurs.
5-polytopeIn geometry, a five-dimensional polytope (or 5-polytope) is a polytope in five-dimensional space, bounded by (4-polytope) facets, pairs of which share a polyhedral cell. A 5-polytope is a closed five-dimensional figure with vertices, edges, faces, and cells, and 4-faces. A vertex is a point where five or more edges meet. An edge is a line segment where four or more faces meet, and a face is a polygon where three or more cells meet. A cell is a polyhedron, and a 4-face is a 4-polytope.
6-polytopeIn six-dimensional geometry, a six-dimensional polytope or 6-polytope is a polytope, bounded by 5-polytope facets. A 6-polytope is a closed six-dimensional figure with vertices, edges, faces, cells (3-faces), 4-faces, and 5-faces. A vertex is a point where six or more edges meet. An edge is a line segment where four or more faces meet, and a face is a polygon where three or more cells meet. A cell is a polyhedron. A 4-face is a polychoron, and a 5-face is a 5-polytope.
Convex polytopeA convex polytope is a special case of a polytope, having the additional property that it is also a convex set contained in the -dimensional Euclidean space . Most texts use the term "polytope" for a bounded convex polytope, and the word "polyhedron" for the more general, possibly unbounded object. Others (including this article) allow polytopes to be unbounded. The terms "bounded/unbounded convex polytope" will be used below whenever the boundedness is critical to the discussed issue.
Polytope régulierdroite|vignette|Le dodécaèdre régulier, un des cinq solides platoniciens. En mathématiques, plus précisément en géométrie ou encore en géométrie euclidienne, un polytope régulier est une figure de géométrie présentant un grand nombre de symétries. En dimension deux, on trouve par exemple le triangle équilatéral, le carré, les pentagone et hexagone réguliers, etc. En dimension trois se rangent parmi les polytopes réguliers le cube, le dodécaèdre régulier (ci-contre), tous les solides platoniciens.
Semiregular polytopeIn geometry, by Thorold Gosset's definition a semiregular polytope is usually taken to be a polytope that is vertex-transitive and has all its facets being regular polytopes. E.L. Elte compiled a longer list in 1912 as The Semiregular Polytopes of the Hyperspaces which included a wider definition. In three-dimensional space and below, the terms semiregular polytope and uniform polytope have identical meanings, because all uniform polygons must be regular.
Integral polytopeIn geometry and polyhedral combinatorics, an integral polytope is a convex polytope whose vertices all have integer Cartesian coordinates. That is, it is a polytope that equals the convex hull of its integer points. Integral polytopes are also called lattice polytopes or Z-polytopes. The special cases of two- and three-dimensional integral polytopes may be called polygons or polyhedra instead of polytopes, respectively. An -dimensional regular simplex can be represented as an integer polytope in , the convex hull of the integer points for which one coordinate is one and the rest are zero.
Polytope abstraitEn mathématiques, et plus particulièrement en géométrie discrète, un polytope abstrait est un ensemble partiellement ordonné dont l'ordre reflète les propriétés combinatoires d'un polytope (au sens traditionnel, généralisant les polygones et les polyèdres à un nombre de dimensions quelconque), mais pas les aspects géométriques usuels, tels que les angles ou les distances. On dit qu'un polytope (géométrique) est une réalisation dans un espace à n dimensions (le plus souvent euclidien) du polytope abstrait correspondant.
