Hausdorff dimension

In mathematics, Hausdorff dimension is a measure of roughness, or more specifically, fractal dimension, that was introduced in 1918 by mathematician Felix Hausdorff. For instance, the Hausdorff dimension of a single point is zero, of a line segment is 1, of a square is 2, and of a cube is 3. That is, for sets of points that define a smooth shape or a shape that has a small number of corners—the shapes of traditional geometry and science—the Hausdorff dimension is an integer agreeing with the usual sense of dimension, also known as the topological dimension. However, formulas have also been developed that allow calculation of the dimension of other less simple objects, where, solely on the basis of their properties of scaling and self-similarity, one is led to the conclusion that particular objects—including fractals—have non-integer Hausdorff dimensions. Because of the significant technical advances made by Abram Samoilovitch Besicovitch allowing computation of dimensions for highly

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Hausdorff dimension of some groups acting on the binary tree

Olivier Siegenthaler

De Gruyter, Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG2008

Propriétés fines des trajectoires du mouvement brownien fractionnaire

Driss Baraka

Let X = {X(t); t ∈ RN} be a (N,d) fractional Brownian motion in Rd of index H ∈ (0,1). We study the local time of X for all temporal dimensions N and spatial dimensions d for which local time exist. We obtain two main results : R1. If we denote by Lx(I) the local time of X at x on I ⊂ RN, then there exists a positive finite constant c such that mφ(X-1(0) ∩ [0,1]N) = c L0([0,1]N), where φ(r) = rN-dH (log log 1/r)dH/N and mφ(E) is the Hausdorff φ-measure of E. This solves the problem of the relationship between the local time and the exact Hausdorff measure of zero set for X. R2. We refine results of Xiao (1997) for the local times of (N,d) fractional Brownian motion. We prove the law of iterated logarithm and global Hölder condition for the local time for our process. These results establish interesting properties which were only partially proved in the literature. This literature began with the work of Taylor and Wendel (1966) and Perkins (1981) for the first result; Kesten (1965) and Perkins (1981) for the second on the Brownian motion. It continued with several works of which that of Xiao (1997) on the locally nondeterministic processes with stationnary increments including the (N,d) fractional Brownian motion. An intermediate result is found to solve the case N > 1. We generalize the result of Kasahara et al. (1999) on the tail probability of local time.

EPFL2008

Inversion de Fourier ponctuelle

Emanuel Enrico Seifert

Let f be an integrable function on RN, a a point in RN and B a complex number. If the mean value of f on the sphere of centre a and radius r tends to B when r tends to 0, we show that the Fourier integral at a of f is summable to B in Cesàro means of order λ > (N-1)/2. Let now U be a bounded open subset of RN whose boundary ∂U is a real analytic submanifold of RN with dimension N-1. We deduce from the preceding result that the Fourier integral at a of the indicator function of U is summable in Cesàro means of order λ > (N-1)/2 to 1 if a ∈ U, to 1/2 if a ∈ ∂U and to 0 if a ∉ U. We then show that if the function defined on ∂U by y → ‖ y - a ‖ has only a finite number of critical points, then we can take λ less or equal to (N-1)/2 ; more precisely, it suffices to have λ > (N-3)/2 + σ(a|∂U), where σ (a|∂U) < 0 is the maximum of the oscillatory indices associated to the critical points of y → ‖ y - a ‖ ; this generalizes results obtained by Pinsky, Taylor and Popov in 1997. Finally, writing μ∂U for the natural measure supported by ∂U, P(D) for a differential operator with constant coefficients of order m and b for a C∞ function on RN, we show that, if a is a point outside ∂U such that ‖ y - a ‖ has only a finite number of critical points on ∂U, the Fourier integral at a of the distribution P(D) bμ∂U is summable to 0 in Cesàro means of order λ > (N-1)/2 + m + σ (a|∂U) ; this generalizes a result obtained by Gonzàlez Vieli in 2002.

EPFL2007

Fractal

In mathematics, a fractal is a geometric shape containing detailed structure at arbitrarily small scales, usually having a fractal dimension strictly exceeding the topological dimension. Many fr

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In mathematics, a metric space is a set together with a notion of distance between its elements, usually called points. The distance is measured by a function called a metric or distance function.

Dimension

In physics and mathematics, the dimension of a mathematical space (or object) is informally defined as the minimum number of coordinates needed to specify any point within it. Thus, a line has a d

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Étudier les concepts fondamentaux d'analyse et le calcul différentiel et intégral des fonctions réelles de plusieurs variables.