Concept
Poursuite (droit)
Concepts associés (55)
Defense (legal)
In a civil proceeding or criminal prosecution under the common law or under statute, a defendant may raise a defense (or defence) in an effort to avert civil liability or criminal conviction. A defense is put forward by a party to defeat a suit or action brought against the party, and may be based on legal grounds or on factual claims. Besides contesting the accuracy of an allegation made against the defendant in the proceeding, the defendant may also make allegations against the prosecutor or plaintiff or raise a defense, arguing that, even if the allegations against the defendant are true, the defendant is nevertheless not liable.
Venue (law)
In law, the venue is the location where a case is heard. The perceived abuse of English criminal venue law was one of the enumerated grievances in the United States Declaration of Independence, which accused George III of the United Kingdom of "transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offenses." Article Three of the United States Constitution provides: "Trial of all Crimes . . . shall be held in the State where the said Crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within any State, the Trial shall be at such Place or Places as the Congress may by Law have directed.
Procureur de district
Dans de nombreuses juridictions aux États-Unis, un procureur de district ou District Attorney (DA, en anglais) est un élu ou nommé qui représente le gouvernement dans la poursuite d'infractions. Le procureur de district est le plus haut titulaire de charge dans sa juridiction et supervise une équipe d'assistants ou procureurs de district adjoints (ADA). Des fonctions similaires sont assurées au niveau local dans d'autres juridictions par des officiels appelés procureur fédéral (Commonwealth's Attorney), procureur d'État (State's Attorney) ou procureur de comté (County Attorney).
Diversity jurisdiction
In the law of the United States, diversity jurisdiction is a form of subject-matter jurisdiction that gives U.S. federal courts the power to hear lawsuits that do not involve a federal question. For a U.S. federal court to have diversity jurisdiction over a lawsuit, two conditions must be met. First, there must be "diversity of citizenship" between the parties, meaning the plaintiffs must be citizens of different U.S. states than the defendants. Second, the lawsuit's "amount in controversy" must be more than $75,000.
Mode alternatif de règlement des conflits
Les modes alternatifs de règlement des conflits (« MARC ») ou modes alternatifs de règlement des différends (« MARD ») sont des pratiques amiables placées en regard des systèmes mis en place par les États pour le règlement judiciaire d'un différend. En anglais, il s'agit des ADR, soit Alternative Dispute Resolution. Les MARD ont fait l'objet en mars 2021 d’un rapport de la cour d’appel de Paris qui souhaite les promouvoir.