BicategoryIn mathematics, a bicategory (or a weak 2-category) is a concept in used to extend the notion of to handle the cases where the composition of morphisms is not (strictly) associative, but only associative up to an isomorphism. The notion was introduced in 1967 by Jean Bénabou. Bicategories may be considered as a weakening of the definition of 2-categories. A similar process for 3-categories leads to , and more generally to for . Formally, a bicategory B consists of: a, b, ... called 0-cells; morphisms f, g, .
Dagger symmetric monoidal categoryIn the mathematical field of , a dagger symmetric monoidal category is a that also possesses a . That is, this category comes equipped not only with a tensor product in the sense but also with a , which is used to describe unitary morphisms and self-adjoint morphisms in : abstract analogues of those found in FdHilb, the . This type of was introduced by Peter Selinger as an intermediate structure between and the that are used in categorical quantum mechanics, an area that now also considers dagger symmetric monoidal categories when dealing with infinite-dimensional quantum mechanical concepts.
Tannakian formalismIn mathematics, a Tannakian category is a particular kind of C, equipped with some extra structure relative to a given field K. The role of such categories C is to approximate, in some sense, the category of linear representations of an algebraic group G defined over K. A number of major applications of the theory have been made, or might be made in pursuit of some of the central conjectures of contemporary algebraic geometry and number theory.
Differential graded algebraIn mathematics, in particular in homological algebra, a differential graded algebra is a graded associative algebra with an added chain complex structure that respects the algebra structure. TOC A differential graded algebra (or DG-algebra for short) A is a graded algebra equipped with a map which has either degree 1 (cochain complex convention) or degree −1 (chain complex convention) that satisfies two conditions: A more succinct way to state the same definition is to say that a DG-algebra is a monoid object in the .
Dual objectIn , a branch of mathematics, a dual object is an analogue of a dual vector space from linear algebra for in arbitrary . It is only a partial generalization, based upon the categorical properties of duality for finite-dimensional vector spaces. An object admitting a dual is called a dualizable object. In this formalism, infinite-dimensional vector spaces are not dualizable, since the dual vector space V∗ doesn't satisfy the axioms. Often, an object is dualizable only when it satisfies some finiteness or compactness property.
CurryficationEn informatique, plus précisément en programmation fonctionnelle, la curryfication est la transformation d'une fonction à plusieurs arguments en une fonction à un argument qui retourne une fonction sur le reste des arguments. L'opération inverse est possible et s'appelle la décurryfication. Le terme vient du nom du mathématicien américain Haskell Curry, bien que cette opération ait été introduite pour la première fois par Moses Schönfinkel. Considérons une fonction add qui prend deux arguments (x et y) et en renvoie la somme.
BimoduleIn abstract algebra, a bimodule is an abelian group that is both a left and a right module, such that the left and right multiplications are compatible. Besides appearing naturally in many parts of mathematics, bimodules play a clarifying role, in the sense that many of the relationships between left and right modules become simpler when they are expressed in terms of bimodules. If R and S are two rings, then an R-S-bimodule is an abelian group such that: M is a left R-module and a right S-module.
Categorical quantum mechanicsCategorical quantum mechanics is the study of quantum foundations and quantum information using paradigms from mathematics and computer science, notably . The primitive objects of study are physical processes, and the different ways that these can be composed. It was pioneered in 2004 by Samson Abramsky and Bob Coecke. Categorical quantum mechanics is entry 18M40 in MSC2020. Mathematically, the basic setup is captured by a : composition of morphisms models sequential composition of processes, and the tensor product describes parallel composition of processes.
