Constitution française de 1791La Constitution française du 3 septembre 1791 est la première expérience d’un régime libéral en France. Elle apparaît en période révolutionnaire et institue une monarchie constitutionnelle. Ce texte, promulgué deux ans après la Déclaration des droits de l'homme et du citoyen et les Articles de constitution de 1789, est la première constitution écrite qui transfère la souveraineté du roi à la Nation. Les prérogatives du roi deviennent les prérogatives de la nation que le roi exerce au nom de cette dernière.
Privilège (droit médiéval)Dans l'Europe du Moyen Âge et de l'époque moderne, les privilèges sont les lois particulières (« leges privatae ») dont bénéficient des communautés et corps constitués comme le clergé, la noblesse, des communautés de métiers, des ordres religieux, des communautés d'officiers (notaires), certaines catégories sociales comme les mineurs, les veuves, les pauvres, mais aussi les habitants de certaines provinces (coutumes), de certaines villes (bourgeois de Paris) ou les étrangers (droit des gens, juifs).
Philippine nationality lawPhilippine nationality law details the conditions by which a person is a national of the Philippines. The two primary pieces of legislation governing these requirements are the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines and the 1939 Revised Naturalization Law. Any person born to at least one Filipino parent receives Philippine citizenship at birth. Foreign nationals may naturalize as Philippine citizens after meeting a minimum residence requirement (usually 10 years), acquiring real estate, demonstrating proficiency in either English or Spanish as well as a Philippine language, and fulfilling a good character requirement.
Israeli citizenship lawIsraeli citizenship law details the conditions by which a person holds citizenship of Israel. The two primary pieces of legislation governing these requirements are the 1950 Law of Return and 1952 Citizenship Law. Every Jew in the world has the unrestricted right to immigrate to Israel and become an Israeli citizen. Individuals born within the country receive Israeli citizenship at birth if at least one parent is a citizen.
Roturiervignette|Enluminure d'un manuscrit français médiéval représentant les trois états de la société : de gauche à droite, le clergé (oratores), la noblesse (bellatores) et les roturiers (laboratores). Un roturier est une personne qui n'est pas noble. « Roture » est un terme générique pour désigner soit la qualité d'une personne qui n'est pas née noble ou n'a pas été anoblie, soit une activité ou un état incompatible avec la noblesse, soit l'ensemble des personnes appartenant au tiers état sous l'Ancien Régime.
IntegrationskursThe Integrationskurs is an integration course provided by Germany to help foreigners adjust to life in Germany. The Integrationskurs is intended to prepare noncitizens to become legally and socially accepted as citizens by learning the German language and the legal system, politics, culture, society, and history of Germany. According to the legal definition in Section 43, Paragraph 2 of the Residence Act, the Integrationskurs support the integration efforts of foreigners through an introductory offer for integration to successfully teach them the language, the legal system, the culture, and the history of Germany.
New Zealand nationality lawNew Zealand nationality law details the conditions by which a person is a national of New Zealand. The primary law governing these requirements is the Citizenship Act 1977, which came into force on 1 January 1978. Regulations apply to the entire Realm of New Zealand, which includes the country of New Zealand itself, the Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau, and the Ross Dependency. All persons born within the Realm before 2006 were automatically citizens at birth regardless of the nationalities of their parents.
Right of revolutionIn political philosophy, the right of revolution (or right of rebellion) is the right or duty of a people to "alter or abolish" a government that acts against their common interests or threatens the safety of the people without cause. Stated throughout history in one form or another, the belief in this right has been used to justify various revolutions, including the American Revolution, French Revolution, the Russian Revolution, and the Iranian Revolution.
Australian nationality lawAustralian nationality law details the conditions by which a person is a national of Australia. The primary law governing nationality regulations is the Australian Citizenship Act 2007, which came into force on 1 July 2007 and is applicable in all states and territories of Australia. All persons born in Australia before 20 August 1986 were automatically citizens at birth regardless of the nationalities of their parents. Individuals born in the country after that date receive Australian citizenship at birth if at least one of their parents is an Australian citizen or permanent resident.
Loi de nationalité indienneLa loi de nationalité (), votée en Inde le , définit la nationalité indienne. Promulguée dans le contexte des premières années ayant suivi l'indépendance de l'Inde mais aussi la séparation d'avec le Pakistan et le Pakistan oriental, elle tente de définir précisément les critères d'attribution de la nationalité. Par la suite, plusieurs amendements la modifient, dont un très contesté en 2019. droite|vignette|redresse|Photographie d'un passeport noté « hi » et « en ».
