Variable ordinalevignette|Exemple de représentation d’une variable ordinale : le niveau de certification par vignette Crit'Air. En statistique, une variable ordinale est une variable catégorielle dont les modalités sont totalement ordonnées, représentant chacune un niveau dans une gradation. Ces niveaux peuvent être codées par des lettres ou des chiffres sans que ceux-ci correspondent forcément à une grandeur numérique quantifiable, par exemple pour un degré de satisfaction, un grade militaire ou un numéro de version d’un logiciel.
Natural exponential familyIn probability and statistics, a natural exponential family (NEF) is a class of probability distributions that is a special case of an exponential family (EF). The natural exponential families (NEF) are a subset of the exponential families. A NEF is an exponential family in which the natural parameter η and the natural statistic T(x) are both the identity. A distribution in an exponential family with parameter θ can be written with probability density function (PDF) where and are known functions.
Data transformation (statistics)In statistics, data transformation is the application of a deterministic mathematical function to each point in a data set—that is, each data point zi is replaced with the transformed value yi = f(zi), where f is a function. Transforms are usually applied so that the data appear to more closely meet the assumptions of a statistical inference procedure that is to be applied, or to improve the interpretability or appearance of graphs. Nearly always, the function that is used to transform the data is invertible, and generally is continuous.
Tweedie distributionIn probability and statistics, the Tweedie distributions are a family of probability distributions which include the purely continuous normal, gamma and inverse Gaussian distributions, the purely discrete scaled Poisson distribution, and the class of compound Poisson–gamma distributions which have positive mass at zero, but are otherwise continuous. Tweedie distributions are a special case of exponential dispersion models and are often used as distributions for generalized linear models.
Generalized linear mixed modelIn statistics, a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) is an extension to the generalized linear model (GLM) in which the linear predictor contains random effects in addition to the usual fixed effects. They also inherit from GLMs the idea of extending linear mixed models to non-normal data. GLMMs provide a broad range of models for the analysis of grouped data, since the differences between groups can be modelled as a random effect. These models are useful in the analysis of many kinds of data, including longitudinal data.
Ordinal regressionIn statistics, ordinal regression, also called ordinal classification, is a type of regression analysis used for predicting an ordinal variable, i.e. a variable whose value exists on an arbitrary scale where only the relative ordering between different values is significant. It can be considered an intermediate problem between regression and classification. Examples of ordinal regression are ordered logit and ordered probit.
Loi bêta-binomialeEn théorie des probabilités, la loi bêta-binomiale est une loi de probabilité discrète à support fini, correspondant à un processus de tirages Bernoulli dont la probabilité de succès est aléatoire (suivant une loi bêta). Elle est fréquemment utilisée en inférence bayésienne. La loi de Bernoulli en est un cas particulier pour le paramètre n = 1. Pour α = β = 1, elle correspond à la loi uniforme discrète sur {0,..,n} . Elle approche également la loi binomiale lorsque les paramètres α et β sont arbitrairement grands.
Ordered logitIn statistics, the ordered logit model (also ordered logistic regression or proportional odds model) is an ordinal regression model—that is, a regression model for ordinal dependent variables—first considered by Peter McCullagh. For example, if one question on a survey is to be answered by a choice among "poor", "fair", "good", "very good" and "excellent", and the purpose of the analysis is to see how well that response can be predicted by the responses to other questions, some of which may be quantitative, then ordered logistic regression may be used.
Multinomial probitIn statistics and econometrics, the multinomial probit model is a generalization of the probit model used when there are several possible categories that the dependent variable can fall into. As such, it is an alternative to the multinomial logit model as one method of multiclass classification. It is not to be confused with the multivariate probit model, which is used to model correlated binary outcomes for more than one independent variable. It is assumed that we have a series of observations Yi, for i = 1.
Régression de CoxLa régression de Cox (modèle à risque proportionnel) est une classe de modèles de survie en statistique. Les modèles de survie étudient le temps écoulé avant qu'un événement ne survienne. Historiquement, dans le modèle de Cox, cet événement est le décès de l'individu, c'est pourquoi on parle généralement de survie et de décès. Au cours des années, l'utilisation du modèle s'est étendue à d'autres situations, l'événement peut donc être de quelconque nature : il peut s'agir de la récidive d'une maladie, ou à l'inverse d'une guérison.
