Géodésique

Résumé

En géométrie, une géodésique est la généralisation d'une ligne droite du plan ou de l'espace euclidien, au cadre des surfaces, ou plus généralement des variétés ou des espaces métriques. Elles sont étroitement liées à la notion de plus court chemin relativement à un calcul de distance sur un tel espace. Ainsi, le plus court chemin (ou les plus courts chemins, s'il en existe plusieurs), entre deux points est toujours une géodésique. Mais plus précisément, on appelle géodésique une courbe qui, à l'échelle locale, relie les points en minimisant la distance. Et elle peut avoir un comportement global plus complexe, à l'exemple des grands cercles sur la sphère ou des hélices sur le cylindre. En outre, sur un espace donné, si on change la notion de distance, les géodésiques peuvent prendre une allure très différente. Introduction À l'origine, le terme géodésique vient de géodésie (du grec gaïa « terre » et daiein « partager, diviser »), la science de la mesure de la taille et de

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Ce cours donne une introduction à la géométrie des courbes et des surfaces.

We develop, analyze and implement numerical algorithms to solve optimization problems of the form: min f(x) where x is a point on a smooth manifold. To this end, we first study differential and Riemannian geometry (with a focus dictated by pragmatic concerns). We also discuss several applications.

Introduce the students to general relativity and its classical tests.

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The goal of this document is to provide a generalmethod for the computational approach to the topology and geometry of compact Riemann surfaces. The approach is inspired by the paradigms of object oriented programming. Our methods allow us in particular to model, for numerical and computational purposes, a compact Riemann surface given by Fenchel-Nielsen parameters with respect to an arbitrary underlying graph, this in a uniformand robust manner. With this programming model established we proceed by proposing an algorithmthat produces explicit compact fundamental domains of compact Riemann surfaces as well as generators of the corresponding Fuchsian groups. In particular, we shall explain how onemay obtain convex geodesic canonical fundamental polygons. In a second part we explain in what manner simple closed geodesics are represented in our model. This will lead us to an algorithm that enumerates all these geodesics up to a given prescribed length. Finally, we shall briefly overview a number of possible applications of our method, such as finding the systoles of a Riemann surface, or drawing its Birman-Series set in a fundamental domain.

EPFL2013

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Harmonic Maps on Smooth Metric Measure Spaces and on Riemannian Polyhedra

Zahra Sinaei

This thesis is a study of harmonic maps in two different settings. The first part is concerned with harmonic maps from smooth metric measure spaces to Riemannian manifolds. The second part is study of harmonic maps from Riemannian polyhedra to non-positively curved (locally) geodesic spaces in the sense of Alexandrov. The first part is organized as follows. We begin by defining a notion of harmonicity, and justify- ing the definition by checking it against pre-existing definitions and results in special cases. There are two main theorems in this section. The first is Theorem 0.1.1, which is the general- ization of the Shoen-Yau theorem [SY76] in our setting. The second is on the convergence of harmonic maps between Riemannian manifolds. Specifically we will show that if fi : Mi → N are a sequence of harmonic maps between Riemannian manifolds, and if the manifolds Mi converge to a smooth metric measure space M in the measured Gromov-Hausdorff topology, then the fi converge to a harmonic map f : M → N. This is the content of Theorem 0.1.2 In the second part, we prove Liouville-type theorems for harmonic maps under two different assumptions on the source space. First we prove the analogue of the Schoen-Yau theorem on a complete (smooth) pseudomanifolds with non-negative Ricci curvature. To this end we gen- eralize some Liouville- type theorems for subharmonic functions from [Yau76]. Then we study 2-parabolic admissible Riemannian polyhedra and prove vanishing results for subharmonic functions and harmonic maps on 2-parabolic pseudomanifolds.

EPFL2013

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Overview of the Geometries of Shape Spaces and Diffeomorphism Groups

Martin Bauer, Martins Bruveris

This article provides an overview of various notions of shape spaces, including the space of parametrized and unparametrized curves, the space of immersions, the diffeomorphism group and the space of Riemannian metrics. We discuss the Riemannian metrics that can be defined thereon, and what is known about the properties of these metrics. We put particular emphasis on the induced geodesic distance, the geodesic equation and its well-posedness, geodesic and metric completeness and properties of the curvature.

Springer Verlag2014

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