Surface plasmon polariton

Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are electromagnetic waves that travel along a metal–dielectric or metal–air interface, practically in the infrared or visible-frequency. The term "surface plasmon polariton" explains that the wave involves both charge motion in the metal ("surface plasmon") and electromagnetic waves in the air or dielectric ("polariton"). They are a type of surface wave, guided along the interface in much the same way that light can be guided by an optical fiber. SPPs have a shorter wavelength than light in vacuum at the same frequency (photons). Hence, SPPs can have a higher momentum and local field intensity. Perpendicular to the interface, they have subwavelength-scale confinement. An SPP will propagate along the interface until its energy is lost either to absorption in the metal or scattering into other directions (such as into free space). Application of SPPs enables subwavelengt

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Blue surface plasmon propagation along thin gold film-gas interface and its use for sensitive nitrogen dioxide detection

Giovanni Dietler

We demonstrate effective surface plasmon propagation along thin gold film in a blue spectral range: the measured 0.6 degrees angular width of the plasmon excitation peak corresponds to the propagation length around 7 mu m. For this end, we prepared a specially designed photonic crystal (PC; 18-layer 1D structure of altering transparent dielectric layers with relatively large and low refraction indices deposited onto a silica support) coated by a 8 nm thick gold layer. For given blue light wavelength (405 nm) and certain light incidence angle this 1D PC structure supports ultralong surface plasmon propagation along the gold nanofilm. This structure has been tested as a surface plasmon resonance sensor to detect small concentrations of nitrogen dioxide in air. This sensor exhibited the sensitivity similar to earlier works where surface plasmon resonance in red spectral range has been used for this purpose. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Elsevier2013

Electrical Excitation of Long-Range Surface Plasmons in PC/OLED Structure with Two Metal Nanolayers

Giovanni Dietler

A current-driven source of long-range surface plasmons (LRSPs) on a duplex metal nanolayer is reported. Electrical excitation of LRSPs was experimentally observed in a planar structure, where an organic light-emitting film was sandwiched between two metal nanolayers that served as electrodes. To achieve the LRSP propagation in these metal nanolayers at the interface with air, the light-emitting structure was bordered by a one-dimensional photonic crystal (PC) on the other side. The dispersion of the light emitted by such a hybrid PC/organic-light-emitting-diode structure (PC/OLED) comprising two thin metal electrodes was obtained, with a clearly identified LRSP resonance peak.

SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIV PRESS2020

Registration of long-range surface plasmon resonance by angle-scanning feedback and its implementation for optical hydrogen sensing

Giovanni Dietler

An optical technique devised for the detection of the ultrasharp angular resonance of long-range surface plasmons (LRSPs) is described. The LRSPs propagate along an 8 nm-thick palladium (Pd) film deposited on a one- dimensional photonic crystal structure and bordering a gas environment at another Pd film interface. At such a small metal film thickness, the scattering attenuation losses prevail over dissipation losses inside the film and we use this scattering as an input signal to pick up the angle of the surface plasmon resonance by a closed feedback loop via an angle-scanning piezomirror. As an implementation of this technique, we detected a 0.5% hydrogen concentration in nitrogen at room temperature with a signal/noise ratio of approximately 100 and response and recovery times of about 5 and 15 s, respectively.

Institute of Physics (IoP) and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft2009